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<p>In recent years, a huge amount of data has been generated every day in numerous fields and they are also transmitted for various purposes in their chosen field. These data contain valuable information. Hence, safeguarding such data is essential to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access and cyber threats. Random numbers find wide applications in data security, cryptography, circuit testing, secure wireless communications, etc. In the proposed article we presented an optical 8-bit pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) with polarization switch (PSW) for the first time. In this case data representation has been done using the most attractive frequency encoding technique. This generated random numbers sequence are used as secret key for cryptographic application. A prototype encryption algorithm and its performance have been investigated using these random sequences. Security analysis indicates that the proposed method achieves an entropy value of approximately 7.996, NPCR of 99.62 %, and a UACI value of 33.42 %. The correlation coefficients of adjacent pixels in the encrypted images are near zero in all directions (e.g., Horizontal: −0.008, Vertical: −0.018, Diagonal: −0.001). These results indicate that the proposed method offers high security and adaptability for a wide range of image encryption applications.</p>

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A novel frequency encoded 8-bit PRNG architecture for secure data encryption

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Payal Gorai,
  • Subhadip Rana,
  • Manas Kumar Garai,
  • Dhoumendra Mandal,
  • Hrishikesh Mondal,
  • Mrinal Kanti Mandal,
  • Sisir Kumar Garai,
  • Soumik Das

摘要

In recent years, a huge amount of data has been generated every day in numerous fields and they are also transmitted for various purposes in their chosen field. These data contain valuable information. Hence, safeguarding such data is essential to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access and cyber threats. Random numbers find wide applications in data security, cryptography, circuit testing, secure wireless communications, etc. In the proposed article we presented an optical 8-bit pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) with polarization switch (PSW) for the first time. In this case data representation has been done using the most attractive frequency encoding technique. This generated random numbers sequence are used as secret key for cryptographic application. A prototype encryption algorithm and its performance have been investigated using these random sequences. Security analysis indicates that the proposed method achieves an entropy value of approximately 7.996, NPCR of 99.62 %, and a UACI value of 33.42 %. The correlation coefficients of adjacent pixels in the encrypted images are near zero in all directions (e.g., Horizontal: −0.008, Vertical: −0.018, Diagonal: −0.001). These results indicate that the proposed method offers high security and adaptability for a wide range of image encryption applications.