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<p>A novel twin-core photonic crystal fiber (TC-PCF) biosensor with a circular arc air-hole configuration is proposed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins at varying concentrations. The key novelty of this work lies in the integration of a twin-core structure with circular arc-shaped air holes, which simultaneously enhances modal coupling, strengthens light analyte interaction, and improves fabrication tolerance compared to conventional PCF designs. The sensor is designed on a silica platform and operates in the 2–3&#xa0;μm wavelength range. Numerical analysis is carried out using the finite element method implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics. The proposed structure exhibits high wavelength sensitivities of 8179.970&#xa0;nm/RIU (x-polarization) and 10958.70&#xa0;nm/RIU (y-polarization), along with maximum amplitude sensitivities of 3.24 RIU⁻¹ and 4.65 RIU⁻¹ at analyte concentrations of 15.625 nM and 31.250 nM, respectively. The improved performance is attributed to the combined effect of twin-core mode coupling and the circular arc geometry, which increases the evanescent field overlap with the analyte while relaxing fabrication constraints. These features distinguish the proposed design from existing biosensors and highlight its potential for highly sensitive, robust, and rapid biomedical detection, particularly for COVID-19 diagnostics.</p>

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Advanced COVID-19 diagnostics: a twin-core photonic crystal fiber biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Aishanya Singh,
  • Vikash Mourya,
  • Pratishtha Pandey,
  • D. K. Dwivedi,
  • Pooja Lohia,
  • Upendra Kulshrestha,
  • R. K. Yadav

摘要

A novel twin-core photonic crystal fiber (TC-PCF) biosensor with a circular arc air-hole configuration is proposed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins at varying concentrations. The key novelty of this work lies in the integration of a twin-core structure with circular arc-shaped air holes, which simultaneously enhances modal coupling, strengthens light analyte interaction, and improves fabrication tolerance compared to conventional PCF designs. The sensor is designed on a silica platform and operates in the 2–3 μm wavelength range. Numerical analysis is carried out using the finite element method implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics. The proposed structure exhibits high wavelength sensitivities of 8179.970 nm/RIU (x-polarization) and 10958.70 nm/RIU (y-polarization), along with maximum amplitude sensitivities of 3.24 RIU⁻¹ and 4.65 RIU⁻¹ at analyte concentrations of 15.625 nM and 31.250 nM, respectively. The improved performance is attributed to the combined effect of twin-core mode coupling and the circular arc geometry, which increases the evanescent field overlap with the analyte while relaxing fabrication constraints. These features distinguish the proposed design from existing biosensors and highlight its potential for highly sensitive, robust, and rapid biomedical detection, particularly for COVID-19 diagnostics.