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<p>Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has risen as a potential technology for advanced wireless ocean-based applications. In this work, a high-capacity, high-security, and high-spectral-efficiency 8 × 50Gbps pulse amplitude modulation-4 levels (PAM-4) employing a UWOC-fiber system using an integrated mode division multiplexing (MDM) and polarization division multiplexing (PDM) scheme is modeled. The results show that the proposed system offers 26.23 to -73.61dBm received signal power and 126.23 to 26.38dB optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) over UWOC and multi-mode fiber (MMF) ranges of 7 and 20&#xa0;m, respectively, in different water types. An optimum performance over an extended fiber range of 225&#xa0;m is sustained with an acceptable error vector magnitude of up to 30%, considering modal crosstalk of different Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes at a bias current of 10-20&#xa0;mA. Meanwhile, maximum signal power of 9.89dBm and the highest OSNR of 109.89dB, can be obtained over beam divergence of 1-4mrad in the UWOC link in different water conditions. Considering the impact of weak-to-strong turbulence with different water types Gamma-Gamma distribution models present better performance than Log-Normal in terms of high OSNR of 95dB with transceiver pointing error of 1-5.5µrad. The proposed model shows enhanced performance over existing models across multiple parameters.</p>

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Modeling of 8 × 50 Gbps PAM-4 incorporated fiber-access UWOC system using integrated MDM/PDM scheme

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Meet Kumari,
  • Jyoteesh Malhotra

摘要

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has risen as a potential technology for advanced wireless ocean-based applications. In this work, a high-capacity, high-security, and high-spectral-efficiency 8 × 50Gbps pulse amplitude modulation-4 levels (PAM-4) employing a UWOC-fiber system using an integrated mode division multiplexing (MDM) and polarization division multiplexing (PDM) scheme is modeled. The results show that the proposed system offers 26.23 to -73.61dBm received signal power and 126.23 to 26.38dB optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) over UWOC and multi-mode fiber (MMF) ranges of 7 and 20 m, respectively, in different water types. An optimum performance over an extended fiber range of 225 m is sustained with an acceptable error vector magnitude of up to 30%, considering modal crosstalk of different Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes at a bias current of 10-20 mA. Meanwhile, maximum signal power of 9.89dBm and the highest OSNR of 109.89dB, can be obtained over beam divergence of 1-4mrad in the UWOC link in different water conditions. Considering the impact of weak-to-strong turbulence with different water types Gamma-Gamma distribution models present better performance than Log-Normal in terms of high OSNR of 95dB with transceiver pointing error of 1-5.5µrad. The proposed model shows enhanced performance over existing models across multiple parameters.