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<p>Photonic crystal (PhC) has established a crucial role in long-haul communication. An in-depth analysis of photonic crystal (PhC)-based optical switching techniques has been presented in this review. While prior reviews were mostly concerned with comparing photonic crystal switching, this work compares electro-optic, Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA), and SOA-assisted photonic crystal switches. The study mainly focuses on PhC’s structural parameters influencing optical properties, including lattice geometry, lattice spacing, refractive index contrast, filling fraction, defect structure, and quality factor (Q-factor). This paper also introduces a unified framework based on metrics including; how photonic crystal switches provide higher-order operational speed (~ THz), low power consumption (~ mW), small and compact footprint (~µm), low response time (~ ps to fs) and more scalability compared to the other traditional switching methods. In this paper, different applications of optical switching are shown by using specially designed point and line defects together with nonlinear effects, such as the Kerr effect and optical bistability. These approaches enable switching on picosecond (ps) to femtosecond (fs) time scales with THz order-based higher operational speed while requiring only milliwatt (mW)-level optical power and micrometer (µm)-sized footprint area. Some recent research works, including integrated photonic devices based on photonic crystals (PhCs), are also reviewed here, where defect-engineered nanocavities, PhC-based ring resonators, and scalable all-optical switching systems compatible with Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Indium Phosphate (InP), and Silicon (Si) photonics platforms are mainly taken into consideration. Those works show that it is possible to achieve low crosstalk operation, enhanced light-matter interactions, and increased spectral tunability of PhC structures by carefully choosing the PhC parameters, and allowing fast optical routing of signals and implementation of logical functions.</p>

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Next-generation high-speed optical switch using photonic crystal: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Debashri Saha,
  • Ayan Dey,
  • Sourangshu Mukhopadhyay

摘要

Photonic crystal (PhC) has established a crucial role in long-haul communication. An in-depth analysis of photonic crystal (PhC)-based optical switching techniques has been presented in this review. While prior reviews were mostly concerned with comparing photonic crystal switching, this work compares electro-optic, Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA), and SOA-assisted photonic crystal switches. The study mainly focuses on PhC’s structural parameters influencing optical properties, including lattice geometry, lattice spacing, refractive index contrast, filling fraction, defect structure, and quality factor (Q-factor). This paper also introduces a unified framework based on metrics including; how photonic crystal switches provide higher-order operational speed (~ THz), low power consumption (~ mW), small and compact footprint (~µm), low response time (~ ps to fs) and more scalability compared to the other traditional switching methods. In this paper, different applications of optical switching are shown by using specially designed point and line defects together with nonlinear effects, such as the Kerr effect and optical bistability. These approaches enable switching on picosecond (ps) to femtosecond (fs) time scales with THz order-based higher operational speed while requiring only milliwatt (mW)-level optical power and micrometer (µm)-sized footprint area. Some recent research works, including integrated photonic devices based on photonic crystals (PhCs), are also reviewed here, where defect-engineered nanocavities, PhC-based ring resonators, and scalable all-optical switching systems compatible with Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Indium Phosphate (InP), and Silicon (Si) photonics platforms are mainly taken into consideration. Those works show that it is possible to achieve low crosstalk operation, enhanced light-matter interactions, and increased spectral tunability of PhC structures by carefully choosing the PhC parameters, and allowing fast optical routing of signals and implementation of logical functions.