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<p>A detailed investigation of the intensity distribution of a Sinh-Gaussian beam (ShGB) propagating through a turbulent atmosphere, which depends on climate impact, is presented using the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction integral formalism. The influence of five primary aberrations—spherical, coma, defocus, z-tilt, and astigmatism—is systematically examined under four turbulence regimes: no turbulence, weak, medium, and strong. The analysis is carried out for a topological charge of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:q=1\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>at propagation distances of 2000&#xa0;m and 5000&#xa0;m. Numerical results reveal that z-tilt aberration causes the most significant degradation in vortex ShGB quality, whereas coma aberration produces the least impact. As the turbulence strength increases, the vortex beam progressively evolves toward a Gaussian-like intensity profile, indicating distortion of its vortex structure. Furthermore, an increase in propagation distance leads to additional deterioration in beam quality. A comparative study between vortex and non-vortex ShGBs shows that the vortex beam demonstrates relatively higher resilience to aberration effects under identical atmospheric conditions. These results provide useful insights into the propagation characteristics of structured optical beams in turbulent environments.</p>

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Aberration and turbulence-induced modifications in the intensity profile of vortex-carrying Sinh-Gaussian beams in free space optics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Nimmy Lazer,
  • B. Anitha Vijayalaskhmi,
  • Y. P. Arul Teen

摘要

A detailed investigation of the intensity distribution of a Sinh-Gaussian beam (ShGB) propagating through a turbulent atmosphere, which depends on climate impact, is presented using the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction integral formalism. The influence of five primary aberrations—spherical, coma, defocus, z-tilt, and astigmatism—is systematically examined under four turbulence regimes: no turbulence, weak, medium, and strong. The analysis is carried out for a topological charge of \(\:q=1\) at propagation distances of 2000 m and 5000 m. Numerical results reveal that z-tilt aberration causes the most significant degradation in vortex ShGB quality, whereas coma aberration produces the least impact. As the turbulence strength increases, the vortex beam progressively evolves toward a Gaussian-like intensity profile, indicating distortion of its vortex structure. Furthermore, an increase in propagation distance leads to additional deterioration in beam quality. A comparative study between vortex and non-vortex ShGBs shows that the vortex beam demonstrates relatively higher resilience to aberration effects under identical atmospheric conditions. These results provide useful insights into the propagation characteristics of structured optical beams in turbulent environments.