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<p>The process of measuring the ethanol concentration in water is a significant criterion across various domains, including medical, industrial, and dietary applications. In this research, we demonstrate an ethanol concentration sensor based on a two-step chemically etched fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with reduced cladding diameters of 100&#xa0;μm and 80&#xa0;μm, operated at room temperature. Two reduced diameters are implemented to enhance the evanescent-field interaction in aqueous ethanol solutions. The 100&#xa0;μm sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.0416&#xa0;nm/%v/v, with response and recovery times of 8.82&#xa0;s and 10.73&#xa0;s, and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.41%v/v and 1.25%v/v, respectively. Further reducing the diameter to 80&#xa0;μm increases the sensitivity to 0.1304&#xa0;nm/%v/v, shortens the response and recovery times to 5.65&#xa0;s and 6.87&#xa0;s, and improves the LOD and LOQ to 0.35%v/v and 1.07%v/v. The experimental findings reveal that the developed FBG sensors are stable and repeatable. These performance gains are achieved without any nanomaterial coating and with retained cladding diameters that offer a practical trade-off between enhanced sensitivity and acceptable mechanical robustness. Furthermore, the proposed sensor platforms provide additional benefits, including affordability and ease of operation. The developed FBG sensors can be used for real-time monitoring and remote detection of flammable analytes without the risk of hazardous electromagnetic interference.</p>

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Fabrication and assessment of modified fiber Bragg grating for aquatic sensing applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Ali Mohammed Kadhim,
  • Husam Abduldaem Mohammed

摘要

The process of measuring the ethanol concentration in water is a significant criterion across various domains, including medical, industrial, and dietary applications. In this research, we demonstrate an ethanol concentration sensor based on a two-step chemically etched fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with reduced cladding diameters of 100 μm and 80 μm, operated at room temperature. Two reduced diameters are implemented to enhance the evanescent-field interaction in aqueous ethanol solutions. The 100 μm sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.0416 nm/%v/v, with response and recovery times of 8.82 s and 10.73 s, and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.41%v/v and 1.25%v/v, respectively. Further reducing the diameter to 80 μm increases the sensitivity to 0.1304 nm/%v/v, shortens the response and recovery times to 5.65 s and 6.87 s, and improves the LOD and LOQ to 0.35%v/v and 1.07%v/v. The experimental findings reveal that the developed FBG sensors are stable and repeatable. These performance gains are achieved without any nanomaterial coating and with retained cladding diameters that offer a practical trade-off between enhanced sensitivity and acceptable mechanical robustness. Furthermore, the proposed sensor platforms provide additional benefits, including affordability and ease of operation. The developed FBG sensors can be used for real-time monitoring and remote detection of flammable analytes without the risk of hazardous electromagnetic interference.