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<p>Employing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) within relay-based free-space optical (FSO) communication systems provides notable benefits in addressing turbulence-induced atmospheric scintillation by virtue of their dynamic movement. This research performs an in-depth evaluation of the effectiveness of a UAV-based FSO system that employs a dual-hop decode-and-forward approach with multiple transmission sources. By integrating the Gamma-Gamma (GG) distribution into the analysis of atmospheric turbulence in conjunction with considerations of atmospheric losses, misalignment, and variations in arrival angles, we derive an accurate equation for the probability density function (PDF) of the overall channel gain. This article derives a mathematical formula for the system's average bit error rate (BER). According to the theoretical formulations obtained, the location of the UAV and the number of source nodes are jointly optimized to enhance the system's overall efficacy while minimizing system cost. Furthermore, the proposed optimization algorithm markedly improves system performance and can provide the optimal parameter choice for the design of UAV systems.</p>

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Optimizing UAV positioning and source nodes to improve FSO system performance in dual-hop networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Zaid Jabbar Al-Allaq,
  • Wafaa M. R. Shakir

摘要

Employing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) within relay-based free-space optical (FSO) communication systems provides notable benefits in addressing turbulence-induced atmospheric scintillation by virtue of their dynamic movement. This research performs an in-depth evaluation of the effectiveness of a UAV-based FSO system that employs a dual-hop decode-and-forward approach with multiple transmission sources. By integrating the Gamma-Gamma (GG) distribution into the analysis of atmospheric turbulence in conjunction with considerations of atmospheric losses, misalignment, and variations in arrival angles, we derive an accurate equation for the probability density function (PDF) of the overall channel gain. This article derives a mathematical formula for the system's average bit error rate (BER). According to the theoretical formulations obtained, the location of the UAV and the number of source nodes are jointly optimized to enhance the system's overall efficacy while minimizing system cost. Furthermore, the proposed optimization algorithm markedly improves system performance and can provide the optimal parameter choice for the design of UAV systems.