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<p>The hydrogen-bonded network formed by guanidinium salts with sulfonates demonstrates a significant nonlinear optical effect, rendering them appropriate for the development of advanced optical limiting devices. This article delves into the growth of guanidinium p-toluenesulfonate (GPTS) single crystals via the slow evaporation method. The GPTS crystal structure was analysed using a single crystal X-ray diffractometer, while crystal quality was assessed through defect analysis via high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the chemical moieties were scrutinized using Fourier transform spectroscopy. The three-dimensional representation of intermolecular interactions within the crystallized GPTS structure was understood through Hirshfeld surface analysis. The color-coded contour maps of the Hirshfeld surface clearly delineate close-contact regions, emphasizing the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions, encompassing hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals forces. The linear optical characteristics of the synthesized crystal were investigated using UV–visible and photoluminescence spectroscopic techniques. By examining thermal strength, the crystal was found to remain stable up to 330&#xa0;°C, indicating a high level of thermal resilience. Additionally, the laser damage threshold (LDT) measurement was conducted to assess the material’s resistance to optical damage under high-intensity laser exposure. Moreover, the cubic nonlinearity of GPTS crystal was examined by calculating the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and the nonlinear index of refraction (n₂), providing insight into the crystal’s nonlinear properties, which are crucial for its potential applications in photonics.</p>

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Guanidinium p-toluenesulfonate single crystal: a promising material for nonlinear optical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Kiran,
  • N. Vijayan,
  • N. Sarkar,
  • Jyoti,
  • Chetan,
  • Kapil Kumar

摘要

The hydrogen-bonded network formed by guanidinium salts with sulfonates demonstrates a significant nonlinear optical effect, rendering them appropriate for the development of advanced optical limiting devices. This article delves into the growth of guanidinium p-toluenesulfonate (GPTS) single crystals via the slow evaporation method. The GPTS crystal structure was analysed using a single crystal X-ray diffractometer, while crystal quality was assessed through defect analysis via high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the chemical moieties were scrutinized using Fourier transform spectroscopy. The three-dimensional representation of intermolecular interactions within the crystallized GPTS structure was understood through Hirshfeld surface analysis. The color-coded contour maps of the Hirshfeld surface clearly delineate close-contact regions, emphasizing the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions, encompassing hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals forces. The linear optical characteristics of the synthesized crystal were investigated using UV–visible and photoluminescence spectroscopic techniques. By examining thermal strength, the crystal was found to remain stable up to 330 °C, indicating a high level of thermal resilience. Additionally, the laser damage threshold (LDT) measurement was conducted to assess the material’s resistance to optical damage under high-intensity laser exposure. Moreover, the cubic nonlinearity of GPTS crystal was examined by calculating the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and the nonlinear index of refraction (n₂), providing insight into the crystal’s nonlinear properties, which are crucial for its potential applications in photonics.