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<p>As one key candidate technology for 6G and beyond marine internet of things, underwater visible light communications (UVLC) have received widespread attention and discussion due to the inherent advantages of general visible light communications (VLC) including broadband, green, security and so on. In order to improve the quality of UVLC links and mitigate the underwater channel impairments, various multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have been actively applied into the field of UVLC, demonstrating the corresponding performance gain potential. Objectively, the existing research works mentioned above are generally limited to the discussion of MIMO UVLC based on conventional Lambertian light sources. Consequently, there is a lack of targeted analysis and evaluation of the diversity of beam configurations for light emitting diodes (LED) and the potential non-Lambertian MIMO UVLC. To address the limitations of the aforementioned research and explore the new spatial dimensions for design, this work attempts to introduce the distinct non-Lambertian LED optical beams into the source node configurations of typical MIMO UVLC, for constructing novel MIMO non-Lambertian UVLC transmission links. The numerical results illustrate that in multiple transceivers mode with 1&#xa0;m longitudinal displacement, compared to the 38.05 bps/Hz MIMO capacity of the benchmark Lambertian UVLC scheme, the proposed typical non-Lambertian MIMO UVLC schemes could provide up to 5.76 bps/Hz MIMO capacity gain under the challenging coastal seawater environment.</p>

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Performance characteristics of non-Lambertian MIMO underwater visible light communication for 6G and beyond marine internet of things

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月25日

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  • Jupeng Ding,
  • Chih-Lin I.,
  • Jintao Wang,
  • Hui Yang

摘要

As one key candidate technology for 6G and beyond marine internet of things, underwater visible light communications (UVLC) have received widespread attention and discussion due to the inherent advantages of general visible light communications (VLC) including broadband, green, security and so on. In order to improve the quality of UVLC links and mitigate the underwater channel impairments, various multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have been actively applied into the field of UVLC, demonstrating the corresponding performance gain potential. Objectively, the existing research works mentioned above are generally limited to the discussion of MIMO UVLC based on conventional Lambertian light sources. Consequently, there is a lack of targeted analysis and evaluation of the diversity of beam configurations for light emitting diodes (LED) and the potential non-Lambertian MIMO UVLC. To address the limitations of the aforementioned research and explore the new spatial dimensions for design, this work attempts to introduce the distinct non-Lambertian LED optical beams into the source node configurations of typical MIMO UVLC, for constructing novel MIMO non-Lambertian UVLC transmission links. The numerical results illustrate that in multiple transceivers mode with 1 m longitudinal displacement, compared to the 38.05 bps/Hz MIMO capacity of the benchmark Lambertian UVLC scheme, the proposed typical non-Lambertian MIMO UVLC schemes could provide up to 5.76 bps/Hz MIMO capacity gain under the challenging coastal seawater environment.