D-Shaped photonic crystal fiber butanol sensor affected by temperature and pressure changes
摘要
In this paper, a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber based on a gold grating for butanol detection has been simulated and analyzed. The precise design of this sensor results in strong coupling of the electromagnetic field from the gold grating and the fiber center. In order to achieve higher sensitivity to refractive index changes, butanol as an analyte is placed outside the fiber and on the gold grating. Finally, the geometry of the structure has been optimized by the Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm to obtain the highest amplitude sensitivity. The results show a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 12,000 nm/RIU and a maximum amplitude sensitivity of 7833 RIU−1. Another strength of the proposed sensor is the investigation of temperature and pressure changes on it. The maximum temperature sensitivity is 1 nm/°C at temperatures between 20 °C and 40 °C, and the maximum pressure sensitivity was 110 nm/Gpa at pressures between 4 Gpa and 5 Gpa. In general, D-shaped photonic crystal fibers with gold grating have high potential for the development of accurate and efficient sensors in various fields, especially in the oil and gas field.