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<p>The increasing demand for high-speed and long-distance optical communication necessitates efficient amplification techniques in Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Networks (WDM-PON). Traditional optical amplifiers face challenges such as attenuation, nonlinear distortions, and noise accumulation, which degrade system performance. This study presents a comprehensive technological comparison among three major optical amplifier types: Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA), Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), and Raman Amplifier, within a four-channel WDM-PON system operating at high data rates up to 30 Gbps. The system is modelled and simulated using OptSim 2023.03-SPI-2 and evaluated based on critical performance metrics including Bit Error Rate (BER), Q-factor, gain, output power, noise figure, and eye diagram analysis. Additionally, post-processing in MATLAB is employed to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), improving the accuracy and reliability of performance comparisons. The novelty of this research lies in its high-data-rate (30 Gbps) comparative assessment and the introduction of a practical approach for identifying the most suitable amplifier technology for short-, medium-, and long-distance optical networks. The results indicate that EDFA delivers high gain with low noise, making it suitable for long-haul links; SOA is cost-effective and compact but exhibits higher BER; while Raman amplification demonstrates the best overall performance, achieving an extremely low BER of 10⁻⁴⁵ and superior signal integrity due to its distributed gain along the fiber. These findings provide actionable guidance for network designers in selecting appropriate amplification methods and lay the foundation for future work involving hybrid amplifier systems and AI-based optimization.</p>

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Enhanced WDM-PON architecture with SOA, EDFA, and Raman amplifiers for next-generation optical networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Mayur Makwana,
  • Shailesh Khant,
  • Atul Patel

摘要

The increasing demand for high-speed and long-distance optical communication necessitates efficient amplification techniques in Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Networks (WDM-PON). Traditional optical amplifiers face challenges such as attenuation, nonlinear distortions, and noise accumulation, which degrade system performance. This study presents a comprehensive technological comparison among three major optical amplifier types: Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA), Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), and Raman Amplifier, within a four-channel WDM-PON system operating at high data rates up to 30 Gbps. The system is modelled and simulated using OptSim 2023.03-SPI-2 and evaluated based on critical performance metrics including Bit Error Rate (BER), Q-factor, gain, output power, noise figure, and eye diagram analysis. Additionally, post-processing in MATLAB is employed to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), improving the accuracy and reliability of performance comparisons. The novelty of this research lies in its high-data-rate (30 Gbps) comparative assessment and the introduction of a practical approach for identifying the most suitable amplifier technology for short-, medium-, and long-distance optical networks. The results indicate that EDFA delivers high gain with low noise, making it suitable for long-haul links; SOA is cost-effective and compact but exhibits higher BER; while Raman amplification demonstrates the best overall performance, achieving an extremely low BER of 10⁻⁴⁵ and superior signal integrity due to its distributed gain along the fiber. These findings provide actionable guidance for network designers in selecting appropriate amplification methods and lay the foundation for future work involving hybrid amplifier systems and AI-based optimization.