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<p>Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors play a crucial role in modern remote sensing applications, including autonomous navigation, environmental monitoring, and 3D mapping. This work presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the frequency response of a LiDAR sensor utilizing a derived mathematical model. The model captures the sensor's output's real and imaginary components while considering various system parameters, such as gain constants, driving frequency, and characteristic frequency. Numerical simulations are conducted to explore the sensor's amplitude and phase behavior across a range of frequencies and time intervals. This analysis reveals key resonant features and complex responses. The study enhances our understanding of how LiDAR sensors respond, facilitating the optimization of system performance for real-world applications. The findings have significant implications for the design of more robust and accurate LiDAR systems, particularly in challenging environments where signal integrity is paramount. This evaluation offers valuable insights into the performance and effectiveness of single-photon LiDAR technology in real-world applications. Furthermore, this advanced method is particularly suitable for detection circuits operating in gated mode with a high gating frequency. It is ideal for LiDAR applications within the near-infrared spectrum, where many real-world targets reflect light effectively.</p>

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Modeling and validation of LiDAR sensor response: a frequency-domain approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月21日

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  • Ahmed C. Kadhim,
  • Ahmad S. Azzahrani,
  • Qussay S. Al-Jubouri,
  • Mohammed A. Munshid

摘要

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors play a crucial role in modern remote sensing applications, including autonomous navigation, environmental monitoring, and 3D mapping. This work presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the frequency response of a LiDAR sensor utilizing a derived mathematical model. The model captures the sensor's output's real and imaginary components while considering various system parameters, such as gain constants, driving frequency, and characteristic frequency. Numerical simulations are conducted to explore the sensor's amplitude and phase behavior across a range of frequencies and time intervals. This analysis reveals key resonant features and complex responses. The study enhances our understanding of how LiDAR sensors respond, facilitating the optimization of system performance for real-world applications. The findings have significant implications for the design of more robust and accurate LiDAR systems, particularly in challenging environments where signal integrity is paramount. This evaluation offers valuable insights into the performance and effectiveness of single-photon LiDAR technology in real-world applications. Furthermore, this advanced method is particularly suitable for detection circuits operating in gated mode with a high gating frequency. It is ideal for LiDAR applications within the near-infrared spectrum, where many real-world targets reflect light effectively.