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<p>This work has characterized the effect of using different laser processing parameters on the surface hardness using LIBS. This technique is based on correlating the intensity ratios of ionic and atomic spectral lines to the hardness of the kidney stone sample. In this work, six kidney stone samples are examined using Q-switched nanosecond Nd: YAG pulsed laser to induce breakdown spectra. Results showed the intensity of ionic versus atomic spectral lines increased with increasing surface hardness, compression strength, and Young’s modulus. Furthermore, the study found that measurements using a 1064&#xa0;nm laser were more reliable compared to that achieved using a 532&#xa0;nm laser. A direct correlation between the electron temperature and surface hardness was also noticed according to the findings.</p>

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Hardness investigation of the kidney stones using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • Tagreed K. Hamad,
  • Hussein T. Salloom,
  • Alaa Al-Taie,
  • Fatema H. Rajab

摘要

This work has characterized the effect of using different laser processing parameters on the surface hardness using LIBS. This technique is based on correlating the intensity ratios of ionic and atomic spectral lines to the hardness of the kidney stone sample. In this work, six kidney stone samples are examined using Q-switched nanosecond Nd: YAG pulsed laser to induce breakdown spectra. Results showed the intensity of ionic versus atomic spectral lines increased with increasing surface hardness, compression strength, and Young’s modulus. Furthermore, the study found that measurements using a 1064 nm laser were more reliable compared to that achieved using a 532 nm laser. A direct correlation between the electron temperature and surface hardness was also noticed according to the findings.