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<p>Diabetes mellitus is a pervasive health challenge requiring efficient monitoring for effective management. Non-invasive glucose detection methods, such as analyzing glucose levels in human urine, offer a promising alternative to traditional blood-based tests. This study explores the design and application of one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) for glucose detection in urine, emphasizing their potential to enhance sensitivity, accuracy, and response speed. The proposed PCW structure comprises 11 alternating layers of silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) and titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), with thicknesses of 300&#xa0;nm and 500&#xa0;nm, respectively, forming a periodic optical lattice to generate a photonic bandgap. This structure confines light effectively and exhibits strong light-matter interaction. The waveguide utilizes a 1.55&#xa0;µm light source to detect refractive index changes induced by glucose molecules, enabling real-time, label-free sensing. Simulation results demonstrate the sensor’s ability to differentiate glucose concentrations ranging from normal (0–1.5&#xa0;mmol/L) to extremely high (10&#xa0;mmol/L). At normal glucose levels, transmittance is 0.8482, increasing to 0.87957 for the highest glucose concentration. Sensitivity varies between 0.0020 and 0.0050&#xa0;dL/mg, with peak sensitivity observed at normal glucose levels. The resolution is highest for extremely high glucose concentrations, exceeding 2.5, while stabilizing around 0.5 for intermediate levels. The quality factor improves linearly with glucose concentration, starting at approximately 1670 for normal levels and reaching 2100 for extreme levels. The response time shows a marginal increase with rising glucose levels, from 2.225&#xa0;ps at normal concentrations to 2.245&#xa0;ps at the highest concentration, ensuring fast detection. These results highlight the efficacy of the proposed photonic crystal waveguide as a compact, sensitive, and reliable biosensor for glucose detection. With its potential for high sensitivity, superior resolution, and rapid response time, this device is well-suited for on-chip integration and point-of-care diagnostics, offering enhanced accessibility and convenience in diabetic management.</p>

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Designing efficient photonic waveguides for glucose detection in human urine for diabetic management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月2日

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  • Somdutta Sinha,
  • Tushar Kanta Panda,
  • Partha Sarkar,
  • Gopinath Palai,
  • Moumita Pal,
  • Bhukya Arun Kumar,
  • Sangram Kishore Mohanty

摘要

Diabetes mellitus is a pervasive health challenge requiring efficient monitoring for effective management. Non-invasive glucose detection methods, such as analyzing glucose levels in human urine, offer a promising alternative to traditional blood-based tests. This study explores the design and application of one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) for glucose detection in urine, emphasizing their potential to enhance sensitivity, accuracy, and response speed. The proposed PCW structure comprises 11 alternating layers of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), with thicknesses of 300 nm and 500 nm, respectively, forming a periodic optical lattice to generate a photonic bandgap. This structure confines light effectively and exhibits strong light-matter interaction. The waveguide utilizes a 1.55 µm light source to detect refractive index changes induced by glucose molecules, enabling real-time, label-free sensing. Simulation results demonstrate the sensor’s ability to differentiate glucose concentrations ranging from normal (0–1.5 mmol/L) to extremely high (10 mmol/L). At normal glucose levels, transmittance is 0.8482, increasing to 0.87957 for the highest glucose concentration. Sensitivity varies between 0.0020 and 0.0050 dL/mg, with peak sensitivity observed at normal glucose levels. The resolution is highest for extremely high glucose concentrations, exceeding 2.5, while stabilizing around 0.5 for intermediate levels. The quality factor improves linearly with glucose concentration, starting at approximately 1670 for normal levels and reaching 2100 for extreme levels. The response time shows a marginal increase with rising glucose levels, from 2.225 ps at normal concentrations to 2.245 ps at the highest concentration, ensuring fast detection. These results highlight the efficacy of the proposed photonic crystal waveguide as a compact, sensitive, and reliable biosensor for glucose detection. With its potential for high sensitivity, superior resolution, and rapid response time, this device is well-suited for on-chip integration and point-of-care diagnostics, offering enhanced accessibility and convenience in diabetic management.