The variation in perovskite material as a component holds promise that yield improved outcomes in optoelectronic applications, particularly in the realm of photovoltaics. Among these materials initially, MASnI3 and MASnBr3 are employed as absorber materials and TiO2 as the window layer. The obtained efficiencies of 14.83% and 20.61% respectively give the motivation for further improvement by adding charge transport layer. CuFeS2 (CFS) is employed as hole transport material (HTM) in trials aimed at enhancing solar cell parameters. Best back contact material is selected amongst the eight distinct metals. This results to development of the FTO/TiO2/perovskite/CFS/Au composite cells. The numerical simulation of the composite cells utilizing SCAPS-1D software is reported. The authors focused on the prior optimization of MASnI3 and MASnBr3 as absorber materials, CFS as HTM, and TiO2 as electron transport layer or window layer. The investigation delves into the impact of thickness variation of absorber and window layer and other factors like bandgap, and carrier densities for HTM, on fundamental solar cell parameters. The thickness optimized for the absorber and window layers is 0.5 and 0.01 µm for MASnI3 and 1.0 and 0.01 µm for MASnBr3 used cells. Optimized parameters for HTM, including thickness, bandgap, and carrier concentration, are determined. They are found to be 0.05 µm, 1.0 eV, and 1.0 × 1019 cm−3, respectively for both the fabricated cells. With these optimized parameters, the above perovskites are simulated. The highest efficiency of the solar cell reached is 16.06% for MASnI3 and 27.64% for MASnBr3.The inclusion of CFS in the cell gives the increment of efficiencies by 1.23% and 7.03% for MASnI3 and MASnBr3 respectively. Other perovskites, FASnI3, Cs2TiX6 (X = I, Br), and CsGeI3 are also tried with CFS as HTM, the simulation showed the importance of CFS layer that enhanced the efficiencies by 1.99%, 3.62%, 5.44% and 2.55% respectively. The simulation to optimise cells to the temperature variation helps in understanding device parameters stability, advantages of low-cost and large-scale fabrication. The observations confirmed that CFS can work as efficient an HTL for MASnX3(X = I, Br), FASnI3,Cs2TiX6 (X = I, Br) and CsGeI3.The inclusion of CFS is done to cross-check its possibility in the cell fabrication. The CFS synthesis is done by wet-chemical method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction to confirm structure, energy dispersive X-ray analysis for elemental composition, scanning electron microscopy for morphology and UV–Vis spectroscopy for bandgap determination. These findings offer useful data and a practical plan for developing inexpensive perovskite–CFS solar cells.

Comparative study of different perovskites with the utilization of CuFeS₂ as an efficient hole transport material for enhancing solar cell efficiency

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发表日期：

2025年3月10日

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Bhoomi S. Shah,
Jiten P. Tailor,
Sunil H. Chaki,
M. P. Deshpande

摘要

The variation in perovskite material as a component holds promise that yield improved outcomes in optoelectronic applications, particularly in the realm of photovoltaics. Among these materials initially, MASnI₃ and MASnBr₃ are employed as absorber materials and TiO₂ as the window layer. The obtained efficiencies of 14.83% and 20.61% respectively give the motivation for further improvement by adding charge transport layer. CuFeS₂ (CFS) is employed as hole transport material (HTM) in trials aimed at enhancing solar cell parameters. Best back contact material is selected amongst the eight distinct metals. This results to development of the FTO/TiO₂/perovskite/CFS/Au composite cells. The numerical simulation of the composite cells utilizing SCAPS-1D software is reported. The authors focused on the prior optimization of MASnI₃ and MASnBr₃ as absorber materials, CFS as HTM, and TiO₂ as electron transport layer or window layer. The investigation delves into the impact of thickness variation of absorber and window layer and other factors like bandgap, and carrier densities for HTM, on fundamental solar cell parameters. The thickness optimized for the absorber and window layers is 0.5 and 0.01 µm for MASnI₃ and 1.0 and 0.01 µm for MASnBr₃ used cells. Optimized parameters for HTM, including thickness, bandgap, and carrier concentration, are determined. They are found to be 0.05 µm, 1.0 eV, and 1.0 × 10¹⁹ cm⁻³, respectively for both the fabricated cells. With these optimized parameters, the above perovskites are simulated. The highest efficiency of the solar cell reached is 16.06% for MASnI₃ and 27.64% for MASnBr₃.The inclusion of CFS in the cell gives the increment of efficiencies by 1.23% and 7.03% for MASnI₃ and MASnBr₃ respectively. Other perovskites, FASnI₃, Cs₂TiX₆ (X = I, Br), and CsGeI₃ are also tried with CFS as HTM, the simulation showed the importance of CFS layer that enhanced the efficiencies by 1.99%, 3.62%, 5.44% and 2.55% respectively. The simulation to optimise cells to the temperature variation helps in understanding device parameters stability, advantages of low-cost and large-scale fabrication. The observations confirmed that CFS can work as efficient an HTL for MASnX₃(X = I, Br), FASnI₃,Cs₂TiX₆ (X = I, Br) and CsGeI₃.The inclusion of CFS is done to cross-check its possibility in the cell fabrication. The CFS synthesis is done by wet-chemical method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction to confirm structure, energy dispersive X-ray analysis for elemental composition, scanning electron microscopy for morphology and UV–Vis spectroscopy for bandgap determination. These findings offer useful data and a practical plan for developing inexpensive perovskite–CFS solar cells.

Comparative study of different perovskites with the utilization of CuFeS2 as an efficient hole transport material for enhancing solar cell efficiency

摘要

Comparative study of different perovskites with the utilization of CuFeS₂ as an efficient hole transport material for enhancing solar cell efficiency