Reconfigurable directional dipole THz antenna utilizing graphene-based intelligent surface
摘要
Recently, terahertz (THz) waves, which can be adjusted, are highly recommended for accelerating the advancement of wireless communication within contemporary systems. Moreover, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) contributed to an apparent performance for THz components and devices to influence electromagnetic waves. In the field of wireless systems operating in the THz frequency range, there is a need for tunable directional antennas. The study presents an innovative approach by developing a customizable directional antenna using a cross-dipole mechanism anchored by a graphene-based dipole core. By adjusting the surface conductivity of these dipole components via a bias voltage applied through the graphene's chemical potential, individual tuning is achievable. Furthermore, this investigation pioneers the utilization of a graphene-based RIS to actively modify THz wave properties. By appropriately designing the reflection coefficient of the unit cells, the system performance can also be improved. The conformal RIS design features a periodic arrangement of rectangular graphene meta-atoms situated on a silicon substrate grounded to a metal surface. Additionally, this description includes a model that represents the equivalent circuit of the RIS design along with its corresponding solutions. An implementation of tunable surfaces based on conformal graphene-based RIS placed under the cross-dipole antenna with proper distance is developed to control the radiated patterns. The reconfigurable process is accomplished by changing the states of meta-atoms to obtain a specific code with a specific pattern. The different gains of the antenna can be implemented from 8.3 to 9.3 dBi. The results reveal that the proposed antenna structure is promising for efficient and intelligent THz wireless communications.