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<p>This study aimed to recycle an aquatic weed (water spinach, <i>Ipomoea aquatica</i>) as a constituent in a low-cost, non-conventional carp diet. <i>Ipomoea aquatica</i> leaf meal (ILM) was processed through solid state fermentation (SSF) using a phytate–degrading fish gut bacterium, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (HM352551). Eight isoproteinous and energy equivalent diets (35% protein, 4.18&#xa0;kcal/g) were prepared incorporating raw (D1-D4) and fermented (D5-D8) ILM at inclusion levels of 8%, 16%, 24% and 32% by weight substituting fishmeal (FM) and other feed ingredients in a FM-based reference diet (RD). Experimental diets were fed to fingerlings of rohu, <i>Labeo rohita</i> (initial weight 2.78 ± 0.05&#xa0;g) for 70&#xa0;days. In general, diets containing ILM processed through SSF outperformed those with the raw ILM in terms of growth, nutrient utilization, digestibility, carcass (whole body) composition and digestive enzyme activity. Rohu fingerlings fed the diet D8 containing 32% fermented-ILM were recorded with the superior weight gain (162.95%), specific growth rate (2.33%, day<sup>−1</sup>), protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilization. The highest carcass protein and lipid depositions were also exhibited by the D8 group. Fish fed fermented diets resulted in a significant (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) reduction in faecal phosphorus release. The present study might recommend incorporation of bio-processed ILM in the diets of rohu fingerlings up to 32%, replacing fish meal (40% replacement) and other conventional feed ingredients.</p>

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Assessment of Water Spinach, Ipomoea aquatica Leaves in the Diets of Labeo rohita Fingerlings Following Bio-processing with a Phytase-Producing Fish-Gut Bacterium, Bacillus subtilis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Argha Khan,
  • Abhisek Mukhopadhyay,
  • Koushik Ghosh

摘要

This study aimed to recycle an aquatic weed (water spinach, Ipomoea aquatica) as a constituent in a low-cost, non-conventional carp diet. Ipomoea aquatica leaf meal (ILM) was processed through solid state fermentation (SSF) using a phytate–degrading fish gut bacterium, Bacillus subtilis (HM352551). Eight isoproteinous and energy equivalent diets (35% protein, 4.18 kcal/g) were prepared incorporating raw (D1-D4) and fermented (D5-D8) ILM at inclusion levels of 8%, 16%, 24% and 32% by weight substituting fishmeal (FM) and other feed ingredients in a FM-based reference diet (RD). Experimental diets were fed to fingerlings of rohu, Labeo rohita (initial weight 2.78 ± 0.05 g) for 70 days. In general, diets containing ILM processed through SSF outperformed those with the raw ILM in terms of growth, nutrient utilization, digestibility, carcass (whole body) composition and digestive enzyme activity. Rohu fingerlings fed the diet D8 containing 32% fermented-ILM were recorded with the superior weight gain (162.95%), specific growth rate (2.33%, day−1), protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilization. The highest carcass protein and lipid depositions were also exhibited by the D8 group. Fish fed fermented diets resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in faecal phosphorus release. The present study might recommend incorporation of bio-processed ILM in the diets of rohu fingerlings up to 32%, replacing fish meal (40% replacement) and other conventional feed ingredients.