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<p><i>Spodoptera litura</i> (Fabricius) is a destructive polyphagous pest that threatens global agricultural production due to its rapid adaptability and resistance to conventional insecticides. This study evaluates the insecticidal efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesised using the aqueous leaf extract of <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i>. Nanoparticles were characterised using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirming the formation of stable, crystalline AgNPs with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 80.65&#xa0;nm, a zeta potential of −&#xa0;13.1 mV, and TEM-derived particle sizes of 20–60&#xa0;nm. Toxicity assays demonstrated substantially higher potency of AgNPs compared with crude extract; the LC<sub>50</sub> for oral exposure in second‑instar larvae was 37.27 ppm, compared with 4019.96 ppm for the crude extract. Sublethal exposure caused delayed larval development, reduced pupation and impaired adult emergence. These effects indicate physiological disruption extending beyond acute toxicity, consistent with oxidative stress and gut epithelial damage reported in nanoparticle toxicology. Overall, the findings highlight green‑synthesised AgNPs as a promising eco‑friendly alternative for integrated pest management (IPM). Field validation and environmental‑risk assessments are required before large‑scale implementation.</p>

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Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of Green‑Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Eriobotrya Japonica Against Spodoptera Litura

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月31日

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  • Yogesh Sharma,
  • Anjali Dhar

摘要

Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a destructive polyphagous pest that threatens global agricultural production due to its rapid adaptability and resistance to conventional insecticides. This study evaluates the insecticidal efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesised using the aqueous leaf extract of Eriobotrya japonica. Nanoparticles were characterised using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirming the formation of stable, crystalline AgNPs with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 80.65 nm, a zeta potential of − 13.1 mV, and TEM-derived particle sizes of 20–60 nm. Toxicity assays demonstrated substantially higher potency of AgNPs compared with crude extract; the LC50 for oral exposure in second‑instar larvae was 37.27 ppm, compared with 4019.96 ppm for the crude extract. Sublethal exposure caused delayed larval development, reduced pupation and impaired adult emergence. These effects indicate physiological disruption extending beyond acute toxicity, consistent with oxidative stress and gut epithelial damage reported in nanoparticle toxicology. Overall, the findings highlight green‑synthesised AgNPs as a promising eco‑friendly alternative for integrated pest management (IPM). Field validation and environmental‑risk assessments are required before large‑scale implementation.