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<p>Seasonal variations strongly influence pest population dynamics and ecosystem stability, while the life stages of natural enemies are crucial for effective pest control. To capture these complexities, we develop a stage-structured eco-epidemic model with two prey species (pests) and one predator (natural enemies), explicitly incorporating seasonal effects on pest growth. The model includes key biological mechanisms such as a saturated incidence rate, Holling type II predation, and a hybrid pest management strategy that combines biological and chemical controls applied at two distinct pulses. In analysis, we establish some sufficient conditions to ensure both local and global asymptotic stability of a pest-free periodic solution. Pest eradication is guaranteed when the impulsive period is below a critical threshold or when periodic augmentation of natural enemies exceeds its critical value. Using the comparison theorem for impulsive differential equations, we also derive conditions ensuring long-term coexistence, which occur when the impulsive period is sufficiently large or augmentation levels fall below their threshold. Importantly, the study takes into account seasonal variations in parameters when calculating the optimal impulsive time and augmentation rates. This approach improves the accuracy of pest dynamic modeling under seasonal forcing. Finally, to validate these results, we conduct numerical simulations, which confirm the practical applicability and reliability of the proposed model.</p>

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Seasonal Dynamics in a Stage-Structured Two-Prey, One-predator Model with Integrated Pest Management at Two Distinct Impulses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Kunwer Singh Mathur,
  • Bhagwan Kumar

摘要

Seasonal variations strongly influence pest population dynamics and ecosystem stability, while the life stages of natural enemies are crucial for effective pest control. To capture these complexities, we develop a stage-structured eco-epidemic model with two prey species (pests) and one predator (natural enemies), explicitly incorporating seasonal effects on pest growth. The model includes key biological mechanisms such as a saturated incidence rate, Holling type II predation, and a hybrid pest management strategy that combines biological and chemical controls applied at two distinct pulses. In analysis, we establish some sufficient conditions to ensure both local and global asymptotic stability of a pest-free periodic solution. Pest eradication is guaranteed when the impulsive period is below a critical threshold or when periodic augmentation of natural enemies exceeds its critical value. Using the comparison theorem for impulsive differential equations, we also derive conditions ensuring long-term coexistence, which occur when the impulsive period is sufficiently large or augmentation levels fall below their threshold. Importantly, the study takes into account seasonal variations in parameters when calculating the optimal impulsive time and augmentation rates. This approach improves the accuracy of pest dynamic modeling under seasonal forcing. Finally, to validate these results, we conduct numerical simulations, which confirm the practical applicability and reliability of the proposed model.