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<p>This study investigates the mineralogy and mineral-chemistry of a newly discovered Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at the Aydindere Fe-Cu skarn deposit, within the Pontides Tectonic Unit, northeastern Turkey. The mineralization is developed in the skarn zone at the contact between Upper Cretaceous andesite-pyroclastic rocks and a Paleocene-Eocene I-type granitoid. The principal ore minerals of the Aydindere Fe-Cu deposit are oxides (magnetite), sulfides (pyrite-chalcopyrite-galena-sphalerite), tellurides/sulfotellurides (tetradymite, hessite), sulfosalts (wittichenite, emplectite, aikinite) and native gold-electrum. Skarn minerals include anhydrous phases (garnet) formed in a prograde stage and hydrous phases (amphibole, epidote, chlorite), which were formed in a retrograde stage in association with quartz, adularia, apatite and late calcite. Sulfides, tellurides and sulfosalts are introduced during the retrograde stage. The Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization was detected for the first time within the western ore body of the Aydindere deposit, and occurs in calcite-bearing sulfide bodies that cut magnetite-garnet-amphibole-epidote skarns with magnetite ores of different grade, including massive magnetite. Chlorite geothermometry indicates formation of the Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at temperatures between 300 and 250 °C, during the retrograde skarn evolution. Assuming the temperature is ∼275 °C, log<i>f</i>S<sub>2</sub> = −10.5 to −13, log<i>f</i>O<sub>2</sub> = −37 to −33, and log<i>f</i>Te<sub>2</sub> values range from approximately −12 to −8.5 were estimated. The available mineralogical and geological data (presences of magnetite, oxidized-type tellurides/sulfotellurides, and andraditic garnets, and absence of pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite) suggest that Aydindere is an oxidized Au-bearing skarn deposit. The discovery of Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at Aydindere increases its productivity and requires more detailed exploration in the deposit for precious (Au, Ag) and critical (Bi, Te) metals.</p>

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Newly Identified Au-Ag-Bi-Te Mineralization in the Aydindere Skarn Fe and Cu Deposit, Giresun, NE Turkey: Implications of Gold Mineralization during Retrograde Skarn Evolution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月15日

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  • Ahmet Sasmaz,
  • Vitaliy Sukach,
  • Serhiy Bondarenko,
  • Hryhorii Aleksiienko,
  • Hengameh Erfanian Kaseb,
  • Bilge Sasmaz,
  • Sergiy Kurylo,
  • Oleksandr Hrinchenko,
  • Volodymyr Somka,
  • Panagiotis Voudouris

摘要

This study investigates the mineralogy and mineral-chemistry of a newly discovered Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at the Aydindere Fe-Cu skarn deposit, within the Pontides Tectonic Unit, northeastern Turkey. The mineralization is developed in the skarn zone at the contact between Upper Cretaceous andesite-pyroclastic rocks and a Paleocene-Eocene I-type granitoid. The principal ore minerals of the Aydindere Fe-Cu deposit are oxides (magnetite), sulfides (pyrite-chalcopyrite-galena-sphalerite), tellurides/sulfotellurides (tetradymite, hessite), sulfosalts (wittichenite, emplectite, aikinite) and native gold-electrum. Skarn minerals include anhydrous phases (garnet) formed in a prograde stage and hydrous phases (amphibole, epidote, chlorite), which were formed in a retrograde stage in association with quartz, adularia, apatite and late calcite. Sulfides, tellurides and sulfosalts are introduced during the retrograde stage. The Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization was detected for the first time within the western ore body of the Aydindere deposit, and occurs in calcite-bearing sulfide bodies that cut magnetite-garnet-amphibole-epidote skarns with magnetite ores of different grade, including massive magnetite. Chlorite geothermometry indicates formation of the Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at temperatures between 300 and 250 °C, during the retrograde skarn evolution. Assuming the temperature is ∼275 °C, logfS2 = −10.5 to −13, logfO2 = −37 to −33, and logfTe2 values range from approximately −12 to −8.5 were estimated. The available mineralogical and geological data (presences of magnetite, oxidized-type tellurides/sulfotellurides, and andraditic garnets, and absence of pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite) suggest that Aydindere is an oxidized Au-bearing skarn deposit. The discovery of Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at Aydindere increases its productivity and requires more detailed exploration in the deposit for precious (Au, Ag) and critical (Bi, Te) metals.