This study examines the radiative mixed convective flow of a hybrid nanofluid over an inclined, permeable, moving plate under the combined influence of thermophoresis, viscous dissipation, an externally applied magnetic field, and porous medium resistance modeled via the Darcy–Forchheimer relation. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using the MATLAB bvp4c solver, with particular attention to entropy generation analysis. Results indicate that increasing the Forchheimer parameter (Fr) enhances inertial resistance, leading to significant suppression of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, while increasing the local Nusselt (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$Nu_x$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and Sherwood (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$Sh_x$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) numbers. Higher Fr values reduce entropy generation (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$N_s$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) due to weakened velocity and thermal gradients, while slightly elevating the Bejan number (Be) in the near-wall region. A generative chemical reaction parameter (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$K_c$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) enriches species concentration and marginally raises <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$N_s$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> close to the surface, with minimal far-field impact. The findings demonstrate that porous medium inertia and chemical reactions can be effectively tuned to control heat and mass transfer rates in hybrid nanofluid systems, offering valuable design insights for advanced thermal management, energy conversion, and process engineering applications.

Controlling heat and mass transfer through entropy generation analysis in radiative mixed convection MHD hybrid nanofluid Flow with Darcy–Forchheimer resistance

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发表日期：

2026年3月1日

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Tamal Bhore,
Bharat Keshari Swain,
Kanakalata Ojha

摘要

This study examines the radiative mixed convective flow of a hybrid nanofluid over an inclined, permeable, moving plate under the combined influence of thermophoresis, viscous dissipation, an externally applied magnetic field, and porous medium resistance modeled via the Darcy–Forchheimer relation. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using the MATLAB bvp4c solver, with particular attention to entropy generation analysis. Results indicate that increasing the Forchheimer parameter (Fr) enhances inertial resistance, leading to significant suppression of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, while increasing the local Nusselt ( $Nu_x$ $N u_{x}$ ) and Sherwood ( $Sh_x$ $S h_{x}$ ) numbers. Higher Fr values reduce entropy generation ( $N_s$ $N_{s}$ ) due to weakened velocity and thermal gradients, while slightly elevating the Bejan number (Be) in the near-wall region. A generative chemical reaction parameter ( $K_c$ $K_{c}$ ) enriches species concentration and marginally raises $N_s$ $N_{s}$ close to the surface, with minimal far-field impact. The findings demonstrate that porous medium inertia and chemical reactions can be effectively tuned to control heat and mass transfer rates in hybrid nanofluid systems, offering valuable design insights for advanced thermal management, energy conversion, and process engineering applications.