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<p>As countries strive to achieve the Zero Hunger goal by 2030, global food security faces escalating threats from climate change, economic instability, and conflicts. The increasing fragility of world agrifood systems and rising inequalities further impede the provision of adequate, nutritious, and safe diets. This study uses bibliometric methods to analyse 6,885 articles on food security indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (1990–2022), showing the evolution of concepts, paradigms, and methods in the field. Academic output grew at an average annual rate of 47%, with the USA, the United Kingdom, and China dominating in publication volume and international cross-citation. Three interconnected evolution dimensions were identified. As a concept, food security expanded from a three-dimensional framework (including food “availability” – i.e., food production), to a six-dimensional one, centred on the right to food, reflecting a shift from a production-centric perspective to a more comprehensive, multi-level understanding. Paradigmatically, three core shifts— (1) from yield increase to sustainable food production, (2) from food supply to agrifood systems, and (3) from single-discipline to multidisciplinary research—collectively constitute the core logic underpinning the global transition from food production-oriented approaches to sustainable systems thinking. Methodologically, research evolved from local-scale crop studies and modelling, to regional-scale studies including computable general equilibrium models and remote sensing, and further on, to global-scale earth system analysis and models, artificial intelligence, and system dynamics. Such an evolution led to research priorities shifting from local yield-oriented targets, to (eco)regional studies emphasising systems sustainability, to food system transformation, and to sustainable governance of food systems. However, the systemic linkages between food security and adjacent fields—including water security, energy security, water footprint, and environmental sustainability—remain underexplored and warrant further investigation. Bibliometric methods rely on citation and co-occurrence frequency as reliable indicators, but this can lead to the neglect of low-density, high-theoretical-value topics. Therefore, future research should combine systematic reviews to overcome this limitation. The present work offers an in-depth analysis of the evolving research paradigms in the very broad domain of food security and provides guidance for future research directions.</p>

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Paradigm shifts in achieving global food security: toward a resilient and sustainable future

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月1日

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  • Shaokun Li,
  • Jialu Xu,
  • Huaqing Wu,
  • Jichong Han,
  • Huimin Zhuang,
  • Zongliang Zhang,
  • Xinyu Wu,
  • Zhao Zhang

摘要

As countries strive to achieve the Zero Hunger goal by 2030, global food security faces escalating threats from climate change, economic instability, and conflicts. The increasing fragility of world agrifood systems and rising inequalities further impede the provision of adequate, nutritious, and safe diets. This study uses bibliometric methods to analyse 6,885 articles on food security indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (1990–2022), showing the evolution of concepts, paradigms, and methods in the field. Academic output grew at an average annual rate of 47%, with the USA, the United Kingdom, and China dominating in publication volume and international cross-citation. Three interconnected evolution dimensions were identified. As a concept, food security expanded from a three-dimensional framework (including food “availability” – i.e., food production), to a six-dimensional one, centred on the right to food, reflecting a shift from a production-centric perspective to a more comprehensive, multi-level understanding. Paradigmatically, three core shifts— (1) from yield increase to sustainable food production, (2) from food supply to agrifood systems, and (3) from single-discipline to multidisciplinary research—collectively constitute the core logic underpinning the global transition from food production-oriented approaches to sustainable systems thinking. Methodologically, research evolved from local-scale crop studies and modelling, to regional-scale studies including computable general equilibrium models and remote sensing, and further on, to global-scale earth system analysis and models, artificial intelligence, and system dynamics. Such an evolution led to research priorities shifting from local yield-oriented targets, to (eco)regional studies emphasising systems sustainability, to food system transformation, and to sustainable governance of food systems. However, the systemic linkages between food security and adjacent fields—including water security, energy security, water footprint, and environmental sustainability—remain underexplored and warrant further investigation. Bibliometric methods rely on citation and co-occurrence frequency as reliable indicators, but this can lead to the neglect of low-density, high-theoretical-value topics. Therefore, future research should combine systematic reviews to overcome this limitation. The present work offers an in-depth analysis of the evolving research paradigms in the very broad domain of food security and provides guidance for future research directions.