<p>China’s urbanisation and rural revitalisation have significantly influenced the ecological environment. Urbanisation necessitates substantial land resources, whereas rural revitalisation prioritises the protection and development of agricultural land. As the rural population declines, the issue of land fragmentation is mitigated, facilitating the advancement of large-scale mechanized agriculture; however, approximately 20% of the slopes remain unmechanized, which adversely affects agricultural production. Rapid urban population growth strains infrastructure and public services. The uneven distribution of resources between urban and rural areas has led to slower rural development, thereby hindering environmental protection and sustainable development. Throughout the urbanisation process, industrialisation may exacerbate pollution issues, while the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture poses a significant threat to the ecosystem. To achieve a balance between urbanisation and rural revitalisation, China must implement measures such as scientific planning, improved water resource management, the establishment of ecological compensation mechanisms, and the promotion of green buildings and clean energy development, all aimed at ensuring the efficient and sustainable utilisation of resources. Through these comprehensive strategies, China can harmonize urbanisation with rural revitalisation, thereby ensuring the sustainability of resource utilisation.</p>