<p>Structural reliability analysis of hypersonic vehicles is of paramount importance in the field of aeronautics and astronautics. This study is dedicated to exploring the impact of aerodynamic heating on the reliability of a hypersonic vehicle, with a particular focus on calculating the thermal stresses induced by aerodynamic heating. Building on the Eckert reference temperature method, a heat transfer iterative method is developed to calculate the wall temperature and heat flux in order to determine the dynamic wall temperature distribution of the vehicle. Utilizing this distribution, the thermal stresses on the vehicle’s body are calculated through the application of equivalent load theory and integrated into a hypersonic vehicle dynamic reliability model, thereby effectively assessing the impact of thermal stresses on structural reliability, where the aerodynamic forces are computed using shock expansion wave theory and piston theory. Ultimately, the study presents simulation results for three distinct flight scenarios, offering substantial support and reference for related research endeavors.</p>