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<p>The improvement of the prediction, reconstruction, and evaluation of radiative markers observed remotely during destructive atmospheric re-entries of de-orbited spacecraft relies on the availability of relevant reference datasets generated through ground-based testing. To this end, five distinct spacecraft materials, including grade 5 titanium Ti6Al4V, type 316L stainless steel, aluminium alloy 7075, aluminium-lithium alloy 2099, and Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) EX-1515/M55J, were subjected to supersonic high-enthalpy air flow conditions in the plasma wind tunnel facilities of the University of Stuttgart. For two of the metal alloys, additional tests were conducted following the prior application of an Aeroglaze Z306 coating. Temporally resolved radiation responses were measured downstream of the stagnation point within the boundary layer and wake flow area, cross-examined with thermographic and visual data and discussed qualitatively. The results of the experiments indicate that material emissions, specifically those from metallic alloys, may provide a means of identifying the composition and possibly the ongoing state of demise of the observed materials under certain conducive circumstances. However, energy densities within the boundary layer near the stagnation area of an exposed sample appear to be generally insufficient to elicit clearly observable emissions associated with the primary element of a given metallic alloy, which was rarely identified in the measurements. This prompts a recommendation for specialised experimental setups to substantially increase droplet-specific energy densities within the measurement volume of the spectrographs deployed in ground testing.</p>

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Experimental characterisation of spectrographic responses of demising spacecraft materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月3日

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  • Adam S. Pagan,
  • Johannes W. Oswald,
  • Georg Herdrich

摘要

The improvement of the prediction, reconstruction, and evaluation of radiative markers observed remotely during destructive atmospheric re-entries of de-orbited spacecraft relies on the availability of relevant reference datasets generated through ground-based testing. To this end, five distinct spacecraft materials, including grade 5 titanium Ti6Al4V, type 316L stainless steel, aluminium alloy 7075, aluminium-lithium alloy 2099, and Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) EX-1515/M55J, were subjected to supersonic high-enthalpy air flow conditions in the plasma wind tunnel facilities of the University of Stuttgart. For two of the metal alloys, additional tests were conducted following the prior application of an Aeroglaze Z306 coating. Temporally resolved radiation responses were measured downstream of the stagnation point within the boundary layer and wake flow area, cross-examined with thermographic and visual data and discussed qualitatively. The results of the experiments indicate that material emissions, specifically those from metallic alloys, may provide a means of identifying the composition and possibly the ongoing state of demise of the observed materials under certain conducive circumstances. However, energy densities within the boundary layer near the stagnation area of an exposed sample appear to be generally insufficient to elicit clearly observable emissions associated with the primary element of a given metallic alloy, which was rarely identified in the measurements. This prompts a recommendation for specialised experimental setups to substantially increase droplet-specific energy densities within the measurement volume of the spectrographs deployed in ground testing.