<p>Satellite glial cells in the dorsal root ganglion are integral to the biology of sensory neurons. This review explores their unique fine structures, as well as their roles in pain signaling and neuronal differentiation. Satellite glial cells exhibit remarkable plasticity, including stem cell-like properties and the ability to influence neuronal morphology and function. Less-studied glial types, such as axonic satellite glial cells and newly identified glial populations, also offer insights into glial cell diversity and specialization. By focusing on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying satellite glial cell function, this review contributes to enhancing the foundational understanding of sensory system organization and glial biology.</p>