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<p>Long-term and spatially wide statistics of harmful algal blooms, including those of <i>Karenia mikimotoi,</i> which cause fish and shellfish mortality, have rarely been studied in Japan. Datasets for three decades (1991–2020) were created from annual red tide reports covering western Japan. The statistics of <i>K. mikimotoi</i> revealed that: (1) the Seto Inland Sea annually experiences twice as many blooms as the Kyushu waters; (2) the highest cell density was 665,000 cells/mL in the Yatsushiro Sea in 2015; (3) the total amount of damage caused over 30&#xa0;years was approximately ¥9,000,000,000; (4) the earliest blooms (including &lt; 5,000 cells/mL) and earliest major blooms (≥ 5,000 cells/mL) occurred in January and March, respectively; and (5) the latest bloom started in November. On the basis of trends, the highest maximum cell density and longest period of blooms in the year showed statistically significant increasing trends at the semi-national-to-local scales. At the semi-national and regional scales, the onset dates of the first blooms showed significant decreasing trends (earlier onset), whereas those of the last blooms did not show any trends. The intensification and phenological changes in <i>K. mikimotoi</i> blooms in western Japan are potentially related to climate change and phenomena, such as El Niño events.</p>

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Long-term statistics of the Karenia mikimotoi blooms in western Japan imply multidecadal intensification and phenological changes on the semi-national, regional, and local scales

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月19日

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  • Yoichi Miyake,
  • Goh Onitsuka

摘要

Long-term and spatially wide statistics of harmful algal blooms, including those of Karenia mikimotoi, which cause fish and shellfish mortality, have rarely been studied in Japan. Datasets for three decades (1991–2020) were created from annual red tide reports covering western Japan. The statistics of K. mikimotoi revealed that: (1) the Seto Inland Sea annually experiences twice as many blooms as the Kyushu waters; (2) the highest cell density was 665,000 cells/mL in the Yatsushiro Sea in 2015; (3) the total amount of damage caused over 30 years was approximately ¥9,000,000,000; (4) the earliest blooms (including < 5,000 cells/mL) and earliest major blooms (≥ 5,000 cells/mL) occurred in January and March, respectively; and (5) the latest bloom started in November. On the basis of trends, the highest maximum cell density and longest period of blooms in the year showed statistically significant increasing trends at the semi-national-to-local scales. At the semi-national and regional scales, the onset dates of the first blooms showed significant decreasing trends (earlier onset), whereas those of the last blooms did not show any trends. The intensification and phenological changes in K. mikimotoi blooms in western Japan are potentially related to climate change and phenomena, such as El Niño events.