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<p>Toxicants increasingly influence phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics in marine ecosystems, driving spatial and temporal patterns critical to understanding plankton blooms and toxin distributions. This study investigates a reaction-diffusion model of phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions with a toxicant-taxis term, where zooplankton migrate away from high toxin concentrations, addressing the ecological problem of toxicant-induced population instability. We prove the existence of globally bounded solutions, ensuring the model’s biological relevance by preventing unrealistic population blow-up. Linear stability analysis determines the stability of the coexistence equilibrium, identifying critical thresholds for steady-state and Hopf bifurcations via the toxicant-taxis coefficient. Bifurcation analysis reveals conditions for spatial pattern formation and oscillatory dynamics, validated by numerical simulations on a one-dimensional domain. These findings underscore the role of toxicant-taxis in destabilizing uniform plankton distributions, offering insights into spatial heterogeneity in marine environments.</p>

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The Effect of Toxin on a Diffusive Zooplankton-Phytoplankton Model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月13日

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  • Yi Wang,
  • Xuebing Zhang,
  • Ali Moussaoui

摘要

Toxicants increasingly influence phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics in marine ecosystems, driving spatial and temporal patterns critical to understanding plankton blooms and toxin distributions. This study investigates a reaction-diffusion model of phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions with a toxicant-taxis term, where zooplankton migrate away from high toxin concentrations, addressing the ecological problem of toxicant-induced population instability. We prove the existence of globally bounded solutions, ensuring the model’s biological relevance by preventing unrealistic population blow-up. Linear stability analysis determines the stability of the coexistence equilibrium, identifying critical thresholds for steady-state and Hopf bifurcations via the toxicant-taxis coefficient. Bifurcation analysis reveals conditions for spatial pattern formation and oscillatory dynamics, validated by numerical simulations on a one-dimensional domain. These findings underscore the role of toxicant-taxis in destabilizing uniform plankton distributions, offering insights into spatial heterogeneity in marine environments.