<p>Racial triangulation offers an innovative and dynamic approach to transcending the traditional Black-White racial dualism when examining social inequalities. The theoretical logic is that White Americans relatively valorize Asian Americans as racially superior to Black Americans yet at the same time civically exclude Asian Americans as racially and culturally foreign. While the concept was initially illustrated using a geometrical XY diagram, depicting the arrangement of the three groups in the form of a triangle, the visual representation of racial triangulation has not kept pace with theoretical developments. An expanding body of scholarship emphasizes the significance of visualization, not only as an illustrative tool but also as a means of advancing theoretical understanding. In this paper, we enhance and extend the visual representation of racial triangulation theory by identifying six distinct triangulations among the three groups. These visualizations demonstrate that, given the theory's complexity and the multifaceted relationships between groups, there is a risk of selectively theorizing certain relationships and predicting specific outcomes&#xa0;while dropping others. To streamline the research process, we propose making visualization an integral practice, concurrent with the theorization of racial triangulation and ethnic and racial group relations. The diagrams function as visual representations and analytical tools that deepen understanding by illuminating subtle distinctions in how each group’s comparative position is theorized.</p>

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Racial Triangulation: Past, Present, and Future Theorizing via Visualizing Diagrams

  • Rima Wilkes,
  • Aryan Karimi

摘要

Racial triangulation offers an innovative and dynamic approach to transcending the traditional Black-White racial dualism when examining social inequalities. The theoretical logic is that White Americans relatively valorize Asian Americans as racially superior to Black Americans yet at the same time civically exclude Asian Americans as racially and culturally foreign. While the concept was initially illustrated using a geometrical XY diagram, depicting the arrangement of the three groups in the form of a triangle, the visual representation of racial triangulation has not kept pace with theoretical developments. An expanding body of scholarship emphasizes the significance of visualization, not only as an illustrative tool but also as a means of advancing theoretical understanding. In this paper, we enhance and extend the visual representation of racial triangulation theory by identifying six distinct triangulations among the three groups. These visualizations demonstrate that, given the theory's complexity and the multifaceted relationships between groups, there is a risk of selectively theorizing certain relationships and predicting specific outcomes while dropping others. To streamline the research process, we propose making visualization an integral practice, concurrent with the theorization of racial triangulation and ethnic and racial group relations. The diagrams function as visual representations and analytical tools that deepen understanding by illuminating subtle distinctions in how each group’s comparative position is theorized.