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<p>The Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park (located in the provinces of Cádiz and Málaga, southwestern Spain) is one of the regions in Spain with a high amount of annual rainfall, due to its physical characteristics and location, which make it the first barrier for wet winds coming westwards from the Atlantic Ocean into southern Iberia. This causes exceptional climatic and environmental conditions for this region compared to southeastern and eastern Iberia. The palaeontological site of El Chaparral (Villaluenga del Rosario municipality, Cádiz), dating from the late Early Pleistocene, is of great interest both because of its location and for presenting a rich macro and small vertebrate record. Here, its amphibian and reptile assemblage is described and analysed palaeoecologically. Quantitative climatic and environmental reconstructions are provided for the first time for El Chaparral, using the Mutual Ecogeographic Range method with the Uncertain Distribution Area-Occupied Distribution Area discrimination technique and the Habitat Weightings method. Our study of new material enlarges the previous herpetofaunal list by adding the following species: <i>Chalcides striatus, Chersine hermanni, Natrix maura, Psammodromus</i> cf. <i>P. algirus</i>, and <i>Zamenis scalaris</i>. Of particular palaeobiogeographical interest are the records of <i>Cha. striatus</i> (its earliest and one of the few Iberian Pleistocene records for the species), <i>Psammodromus</i> cf. <i>P. algirus</i> (its second Early Pleistocene record), and <i>Che. hermanni</i> (filling an important geographic gap in its Iberian fossil record). The palaeoclimate for El Chaparral is reconstructed as warm and humid, similar to the present, and the environment would have comprised open landscapes with some woodland and aquatic areas. These conditions contrast with those in other localities of similar age in southern Iberia, which are characterised by drier conditions and fluctuations in patterns of temperature and precipitation more similar to present day conditions in the region.</p>

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Rainiest Spain: amphibians and reptiles from the late Early Pleistocene-age site of El Chaparral (Cádiz)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Christian Sánchez-Bandera,
  • Rafael Marquina Blasco,
  • Josep Francesc Bisbal-Chinesta,
  • Ana Fagoaga,
  • Isabel Cáceres,
  • José María Gutiérrez,
  • Francisco Giles Pacheco,
  • Juan Manuel López-García,
  • Hugues-Alexandre Blain

摘要

The Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park (located in the provinces of Cádiz and Málaga, southwestern Spain) is one of the regions in Spain with a high amount of annual rainfall, due to its physical characteristics and location, which make it the first barrier for wet winds coming westwards from the Atlantic Ocean into southern Iberia. This causes exceptional climatic and environmental conditions for this region compared to southeastern and eastern Iberia. The palaeontological site of El Chaparral (Villaluenga del Rosario municipality, Cádiz), dating from the late Early Pleistocene, is of great interest both because of its location and for presenting a rich macro and small vertebrate record. Here, its amphibian and reptile assemblage is described and analysed palaeoecologically. Quantitative climatic and environmental reconstructions are provided for the first time for El Chaparral, using the Mutual Ecogeographic Range method with the Uncertain Distribution Area-Occupied Distribution Area discrimination technique and the Habitat Weightings method. Our study of new material enlarges the previous herpetofaunal list by adding the following species: Chalcides striatus, Chersine hermanni, Natrix maura, Psammodromus cf. P. algirus, and Zamenis scalaris. Of particular palaeobiogeographical interest are the records of Cha. striatus (its earliest and one of the few Iberian Pleistocene records for the species), Psammodromus cf. P. algirus (its second Early Pleistocene record), and Che. hermanni (filling an important geographic gap in its Iberian fossil record). The palaeoclimate for El Chaparral is reconstructed as warm and humid, similar to the present, and the environment would have comprised open landscapes with some woodland and aquatic areas. These conditions contrast with those in other localities of similar age in southern Iberia, which are characterised by drier conditions and fluctuations in patterns of temperature and precipitation more similar to present day conditions in the region.