<p>The machining quality of turbine blade air film holes is a critical determinant of aero-engine performance, directly influencing cooling efficiency and operational lifespan. Traditional machining methods are increasingly inadequate to meet the stringent requirements for high precision, superior surface integrity, and minimal thermal damage in these microscale features. This paper provides a systematic and critical review of advanced non-traditional machining technologies employed in processing aero-engine air film holes, including Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), Electrochemical Machining (ECM), Laser Machining, and emerging hybrid processes. Beyond a mere summary of existing techniques, this review delves into the fundamental material removal mechanisms, juxtaposes the advantages and limitations of each technology, and analyzes key challenges such as recast layer formation, heat-affected zones (HAZ), and geometric inaccuracies. Finally, we elucidate current technical bottlenecks and propose future research directions, emphasizing the need for intelligent multi-energy field coordination and dedicated equipment development to achieve high-efficiency, high-precision, and low-damage machining of next-generation turbine blades.</p>