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<p>This study investigates the feasibility of developing polishing tools using different sol-gel systems and successfully fabricates high-performance tools for both wet and dry polishing. The processability of various gel systems was studied through macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the gel formation process, along with comparisons of volumetric shrinkage and mechanical properties. The polishing performance of the different gel tools was evaluated via processing experiments on brittle materials such as stone. The results indicate that five selected gel systems (Carboxylated chitosan, Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, Xanthan gum, Gellan gum, Carrageenan) exhibit significantly lower volumetric shrinkage after drying. Comparative analysis confirmed that rigid fibrous substrates are more suitable as coating bases for these gel tools. Enhanced wet polishing performance is achieved when the gel system demonstrates minimal volumetric change during drying, strong adhesion to the fibrous substrate, and a flat abrasive layer. Superior dry polishing performance is associated with uniform abrasive distribution and high gel strength. Processing results on stone demonstrate that the carboxymethyl cellulose sodium sol-gel tool achieves optimal wet polishing performance, producing a surface glossiness of 110 and reducing the roughness to 3.06 nm. The carboxylated chitosan sol-gel tool shows the best dry polishing performance, achieving a glossiness of 95.6 with a roughness of 3.82 nm. Both tools outperform existing single-system sol-gel polishing tools. Consequently, the newly developed sol-gel wet and dry polishing tools are expected to advance the processing technology for brittle materials such as stone.</p>

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Development of Tools for Dry Polishing and Wet Polishing of Hard and Brittle Stone Materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Yun Shen,
  • Jing Lu,
  • Lei Yang,
  • Changcai Cui,
  • Shengui Huang

摘要

This study investigates the feasibility of developing polishing tools using different sol-gel systems and successfully fabricates high-performance tools for both wet and dry polishing. The processability of various gel systems was studied through macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the gel formation process, along with comparisons of volumetric shrinkage and mechanical properties. The polishing performance of the different gel tools was evaluated via processing experiments on brittle materials such as stone. The results indicate that five selected gel systems (Carboxylated chitosan, Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, Xanthan gum, Gellan gum, Carrageenan) exhibit significantly lower volumetric shrinkage after drying. Comparative analysis confirmed that rigid fibrous substrates are more suitable as coating bases for these gel tools. Enhanced wet polishing performance is achieved when the gel system demonstrates minimal volumetric change during drying, strong adhesion to the fibrous substrate, and a flat abrasive layer. Superior dry polishing performance is associated with uniform abrasive distribution and high gel strength. Processing results on stone demonstrate that the carboxymethyl cellulose sodium sol-gel tool achieves optimal wet polishing performance, producing a surface glossiness of 110 and reducing the roughness to 3.06 nm. The carboxylated chitosan sol-gel tool shows the best dry polishing performance, achieving a glossiness of 95.6 with a roughness of 3.82 nm. Both tools outperform existing single-system sol-gel polishing tools. Consequently, the newly developed sol-gel wet and dry polishing tools are expected to advance the processing technology for brittle materials such as stone.