Multidisciplinary Approaches to Address Resolution, Scalability, and Geometric Constraints in Bioprinting
摘要
Three-dimensional bioprinting has rapidly become a cornerstone of modern biofabrication, enabling spatially precise deposition of living cells and biomaterials to create tissue-mimetic structures. Despite these remarkable advancements, current bioprinting technologies still face technical barriers, including limited resolution in multi-material, multi-scale printing, limited scalability for vascularized volumetric constructs with complex geometries, and restricted flexibility in the printing path. To address these limitations, bioprinting technology has increasingly integrated insights from diverse disciplines, including fluid mechanics, robotics, acoustics, optics, computer science, and dynamic crosslinking chemistry. The diversification of printing modalities has facilitated more precise spatial patterning and the reproducible fabrication of complex, volumetric tissue constructs, driving rapid progress in the development of biologically functional and translationally reliable structures. This review explores recent innovations in bioprinting technologies, focusing on the technological challenges they address. We further categorize the multidisciplinary strategies to address these challenges and highlight their emerging applications in regenerative medicine and drug testing, underscoring the growing translational potential of advanced bioprinting systems.