<p>The study focused on the use of two-dimensional ultrasonic elliptical vibration boring (2D-UEVB) to improve the surface quality of deep hole tube parts made from 7075 aluminum alloy. The tool tip trajectory model and the surface roughness model of 2D-UEVB deep hole were established. It was found that 2D-UEVB could obtain lower surface roughness than common boring (CB) through analyzing the theoretical model. Finally, the effects of boring parameters and acoustic parameters on surface morphology were studied through single factor test and four-factor four-level orthogonal test. After the 2D-UEVB, the surface roughness Ra value decreased in different degrees according to the experimental results. However, the reduction of Ra was affected differently by the various acoustic parameters and boring parameters. With the increase of feed rate, the surface roughness Ra shows a significant increasing trend. With the increase of spindle speed, the surface roughness Ra shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The Ra displayed a continuous decreasing trend with the ultrasonic amplitude increased. The influence of cutting depth on the roughness is not significant. The results demonstrated that better surface texture and surface quality can be obtained with lower feed rate, medium spindle speed and larger ultrasonic amplitude in two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration boring. Compared with CB, the values of Ra decreased to varying degrees in 2D-UEVB. The influence of feed rate on the maximum reduction rate of Ra was about 49.8%, the influence of spindle speed on the maximum reduction rate of Ra was about 60.9%, and the influence of cutting depth on the maximum reduction rate of Ra was about 47.9%. It can be seen that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration could improve the boring surface quality to a certain degree.</p>