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<p>In the present study, the microstructure and precipitate evolution of friction stir processed (FSPed) AA6xxx alloy sheets were investigated. The AA6xxx sheet underwent FSP treatment at a tool rotation speed of 800 RPM and a feed rate of 500&#xa0;mm/min. Microstructural characterization was performed using electron backscatter diffraction, while the distribution of precipitates in the FSPed sample was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering. The stir zone (SZ), thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and regions adjacent to the TMAZ exhibited a heterogeneous microstructure. Grain refinement down to 2&#xa0;μm (from 18&#xa0;μm) was observed in the SZ, whereas the TMAZ exhibited coarser grains with significant orientation gradient and the subgrain formation. SEM–EDS analysis identified two types of precipitates: Fe-rich (Al–Fe–Si) and Mg-rich (Mg<sub>2</sub>Si) particles. Nano-sized particles enriched in Si and O along with Al(FeMn)Si intermetallics were present in the initial AA6xxx sample, while reprecipitation occurred after FSP, forming particles with higher Fe, Si, and O contents. Microstructural heterogeneities in the FSPed sample were further corroborated using microhardness contour graph. A reduction in hardness was observed in the SZ, whereas the TMAZ demonstrated an increase in microhardness compared to the initial AA6xxx sample.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Uncovering the Microstructural and Precipitates Behavior of the Friction Stir Processed AA6××× Sheet

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月26日

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  • Aman Gupta,
  • Preetham Alluri,
  • Khushahal Thool,
  • Eunjoo Shin,
  • Yoon-Uk Heo,
  • Shi-Hoon Choi

摘要

In the present study, the microstructure and precipitate evolution of friction stir processed (FSPed) AA6xxx alloy sheets were investigated. The AA6xxx sheet underwent FSP treatment at a tool rotation speed of 800 RPM and a feed rate of 500 mm/min. Microstructural characterization was performed using electron backscatter diffraction, while the distribution of precipitates in the FSPed sample was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering. The stir zone (SZ), thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and regions adjacent to the TMAZ exhibited a heterogeneous microstructure. Grain refinement down to 2 μm (from 18 μm) was observed in the SZ, whereas the TMAZ exhibited coarser grains with significant orientation gradient and the subgrain formation. SEM–EDS analysis identified two types of precipitates: Fe-rich (Al–Fe–Si) and Mg-rich (Mg2Si) particles. Nano-sized particles enriched in Si and O along with Al(FeMn)Si intermetallics were present in the initial AA6xxx sample, while reprecipitation occurred after FSP, forming particles with higher Fe, Si, and O contents. Microstructural heterogeneities in the FSPed sample were further corroborated using microhardness contour graph. A reduction in hardness was observed in the SZ, whereas the TMAZ demonstrated an increase in microhardness compared to the initial AA6xxx sample.

Graphical Abstract