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<p>This study investigates the influence of welding parameters, such as welding current, torch speed, and wire feed speed on the bead geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties of the WAAM-made Inconel 825. A detailed analysis, including hardness, toughness, tensile strength, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), was performed. The fabricated wall exhibited defect-free deposition with a primarily γ-phase (austenitic) matrix and equiaxed grains. Optimal parameters in pulse mode (98 A peak current, 79 A base current, 120&#xa0;mm/min torch speed, and 540&#xa0;mm/min wire feed speed) provide a hardness of 242 ± 6 HV, toughness of 129 ± 5&#xa0;J, yield stress of 312 ± 5 Mpa, ultimate tensile stress of 598 ± 9 Mpa, and % elongation of 66 ± 3% throughout the wall, with a ductile fracture. The findings demonstrate almost isotropic mechanical behaviour, contributing to improved process control in WAAM of Inconel 825. WAAM-fabricated Inconel 825 exhibited ~ 42% higher hardness than the wrought Inconel.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Selection of Process Parameters and its Effect on Bead Geometry, Mechanical Properties, and Microstructure of Inconel 825 Fabricated Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月24日

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  • Deepak Kumar Gupta,
  • Rahul S. Mulik

摘要

This study investigates the influence of welding parameters, such as welding current, torch speed, and wire feed speed on the bead geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties of the WAAM-made Inconel 825. A detailed analysis, including hardness, toughness, tensile strength, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), was performed. The fabricated wall exhibited defect-free deposition with a primarily γ-phase (austenitic) matrix and equiaxed grains. Optimal parameters in pulse mode (98 A peak current, 79 A base current, 120 mm/min torch speed, and 540 mm/min wire feed speed) provide a hardness of 242 ± 6 HV, toughness of 129 ± 5 J, yield stress of 312 ± 5 Mpa, ultimate tensile stress of 598 ± 9 Mpa, and % elongation of 66 ± 3% throughout the wall, with a ductile fracture. The findings demonstrate almost isotropic mechanical behaviour, contributing to improved process control in WAAM of Inconel 825. WAAM-fabricated Inconel 825 exhibited ~ 42% higher hardness than the wrought Inconel.

Graphical Abstract