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Background <p>Examine the role of income, perceived healthy foods availability, and consumption as mediators of rural–urban health disparities.</p> Method <p>Pre-registered simple mediation models with post hoc multi-mediator models were tested using national- and state-level survey data. Oregon data was collected in an online Qualtrics survey between October 8 and November 9, 2021 using CloudResearch; Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5, a nationally representative dataset, was collected over 4 cycles from 2017 to 2020. Oregon residents (<i>n</i> = 771; rural = 313, urban = 458) self-reported online: income, perceived fruits and vegetable (FV) availability, FV consumption, and BMI measures (height, weight). HINTS respondents (rural <i>n</i> = 1235; urban <i>n</i> = 13,912) self-reported the same variables of interest without FV availability, and with an additional self-rated health variable detailed below.&#xa0;</p> Results <p>The effect of rurality on BMI (<i>b</i> = 0.012, SE = 0.005, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and self-rated health (<i>b</i> = 0.003, SE = 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.008) when combining datasets was mediated by a series of income, perceived FV availability, and FV consumption.</p> Conclusion <p>To address rural–urban health disparities, individual (cognition, behavior), social (household income), and community (healthy food availability) factors should be targeted together.</p>

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Income, Healthy Food Availability, and Consumption Mediate Rural–Urban Health Disparities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月28日

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  • Benjamin J. Smith,
  • A. Janet Tomiyama,
  • Deborah H. John,
  • Bryan Mantell,
  • Elliot T. Berkman

摘要

Background

Examine the role of income, perceived healthy foods availability, and consumption as mediators of rural–urban health disparities.

Method

Pre-registered simple mediation models with post hoc multi-mediator models were tested using national- and state-level survey data. Oregon data was collected in an online Qualtrics survey between October 8 and November 9, 2021 using CloudResearch; Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5, a nationally representative dataset, was collected over 4 cycles from 2017 to 2020. Oregon residents (n = 771; rural = 313, urban = 458) self-reported online: income, perceived fruits and vegetable (FV) availability, FV consumption, and BMI measures (height, weight). HINTS respondents (rural n = 1235; urban n = 13,912) self-reported the same variables of interest without FV availability, and with an additional self-rated health variable detailed below. 

Results

The effect of rurality on BMI (b = 0.012, SE = 0.005, p = 0.01) and self-rated health (b = 0.003, SE = 0.001, p = 0.008) when combining datasets was mediated by a series of income, perceived FV availability, and FV consumption.

Conclusion

To address rural–urban health disparities, individual (cognition, behavior), social (household income), and community (healthy food availability) factors should be targeted together.