Review of eukaryotic parasites of pipefishes and seahorses (Actinopterygii: Syngnathidae) from the European and adjacent waters
摘要
The present review includes data of 136 references on the eukaryotic parasite species harboured by syngnathid fishes reported since 1819 from Europe and nearby waters. Fourteen out of 17 European syngnathid species were recorded as hosts. These are Entelurus aequoreus (L., 1758), Hippocampus guttulatus Cuvier, 1829, H. hippocampus (L., 1758), Nerophis lumbriciformis (Jenyns, 1835), N. maculatus Rafinesque, 1810, N. ophidion (L., 1758), Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1827, S. acus L., 1758, S. caspius Eichwald, 1831, S. phlegon Risso, 1827, S. rostellatus Nilsson, 1855, S. tenuirostris Rathke, 1837, S. typhle L., 1758, and S. variegatus Pallas, 1814. The parasite checklist comprises 243 species-group taxa of 13 phyla, 67 families and 98 genera. Among the studied fish species, S. abaster was the host with the most species-rich parasite assemblage, with 136 reported parasite taxa. The parasite species in the checklist are presented with data on their taxonomic position, developmental stages, hosts, site of infection, host specificity, locality, life cycle patterns and the original references. The parasite species assemblages associated with the host species exhibited low levels of similarity. Similarity was also low across the geographical regions, which rather reflects the poorly and disproportionally studied parasite assemblages associated with these non-commercial fish species.