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<p>This work presents a comprehensive compilation of cold-water coral records from within Iceland’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The resulting database includes 2,710 records across two classes, Octocorallia (orders Malacalcyonace and Scleralcyonacea) and Hexacorallia (orders Scleractinia and Antipatharia). Data sources include records from the Danish Ingolf expedition (late 19th to early twentieth century), specimens held at the Natural Science Institute of Iceland (NSII), the BIOICE project (1991–2004), bycatch data from groundfish trawl surveys conducted by the Marine and Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI, 2015–2020), underwater images from MFRI’s Benthic Habitat Mapping programme (2004–2021), and records from published literature. Cold-water corals are distributed widely within Icelandic waters, with a taxonomic diversity of 77 species across 27 families. Records were obtained at locations with mean temperature ranging from -1.0 to 9.0&#xa0;°C and at depths of 15 to 2,710&#xa0;m., with most observations recorded in waters deeper than 600&#xa0;m. Three distinct species assemblages were identified: group A, consisting of a few species present both north and south of Iceland&#xa0;and including species predominantly located in the cold waters north of Iceland; group B&#xa0;and group C, comprising species found in the warmer waters south and west of Iceland. The Icelandic coral fauna displays mixed geographic affinities. Scleractinia show significant similarities to coral faunas of the Shetland, Faroe, Orkney, New Hebrides Islands and Rockall Bank, as well as to those of the western North Atlantic from Canada to the Gulf of Maine. The geographic affinity of octocorals aligns more closely with the boreal eastern Atlantic and northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, as well as the western North Atlantic fauna from east off Canada to Cape Hatteras.</p>

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Distribution and biodiversity of cold-water corals in Icelandic waters at the boundaries of the N-Atlantic and the Arctic

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Steinunn Hilma Ólafsdóttir,
  • Julian Mariano Burgos,
  • Guðmundur Guðmundsson

摘要

This work presents a comprehensive compilation of cold-water coral records from within Iceland’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The resulting database includes 2,710 records across two classes, Octocorallia (orders Malacalcyonace and Scleralcyonacea) and Hexacorallia (orders Scleractinia and Antipatharia). Data sources include records from the Danish Ingolf expedition (late 19th to early twentieth century), specimens held at the Natural Science Institute of Iceland (NSII), the BIOICE project (1991–2004), bycatch data from groundfish trawl surveys conducted by the Marine and Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI, 2015–2020), underwater images from MFRI’s Benthic Habitat Mapping programme (2004–2021), and records from published literature. Cold-water corals are distributed widely within Icelandic waters, with a taxonomic diversity of 77 species across 27 families. Records were obtained at locations with mean temperature ranging from -1.0 to 9.0 °C and at depths of 15 to 2,710 m., with most observations recorded in waters deeper than 600 m. Three distinct species assemblages were identified: group A, consisting of a few species present both north and south of Iceland and including species predominantly located in the cold waters north of Iceland; group B and group C, comprising species found in the warmer waters south and west of Iceland. The Icelandic coral fauna displays mixed geographic affinities. Scleractinia show significant similarities to coral faunas of the Shetland, Faroe, Orkney, New Hebrides Islands and Rockall Bank, as well as to those of the western North Atlantic from Canada to the Gulf of Maine. The geographic affinity of octocorals aligns more closely with the boreal eastern Atlantic and northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, as well as the western North Atlantic fauna from east off Canada to Cape Hatteras.