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<p>The present study aimed to analyze the horizontal and vertical distribution (0–2400&#xa0;m) of pelagic tunicates and their species in the Santos Basin, south of the Brazilian continental margin. The areas considered included the northern and southern areas of the neritic and oceanic regions. Additionally, it aimed to identify indicator species of hydrological characteristics in both horizontal and vertical gradients. Two campaigns were carried out to collect zooplankton samples through oblique tows at selected stations from where pelagic tunicates were analyzed: the first in the winter period and the second in the summer. Among the 28 species identified, 17 were appendicularians, 3 doliolids, 6 salps, and 2 pyrosomes. The abundance and community of tunicates were significantly different between oceanic areas and neritic regions, the north and south, and the depths of the oceanic stations. Seven indicator species were recorded for different conditions, depending on the platform-ocean gradient, depth, and northern and southern areas. The tunicate assemblage was influenced by temperature and the orthophosphate and chlorophyll-a concentrations on the neritic regions, mainly at the sampling stations in front of the bays and estuaries. These results provide unprecedented information about these organisms, contributing to the knowledge of biodiversity on a large scale in the Southwestern Atlantic. Furthermore, the present study shows the influence of environmental parameters on the tunicate assemblage, reporting a swarm of <i>Thalia democratica</i> in a coastal environment, commonly recorded in shallow estuarine habitats along the Brazilian coast, and the first record of <i>Kowalevskia oceanica</i> for the Brazilian coast.</p>

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Pelagic tunicates (Chordata) in two seasons in the Santos Basin, tropical Southwestern Atlantic: horizontal and vertical distributions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月18日

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  • Pedro F. de Carvalho,
  • Cristina de O. Dias,
  • Daniel L. Moreira,
  • Frederico P. Brandini,
  • Luis Carlos Pinto de Macedo-Soares,
  • Mateus G. Chuqui,
  • Sérgio L. C. Bonecker

摘要

The present study aimed to analyze the horizontal and vertical distribution (0–2400 m) of pelagic tunicates and their species in the Santos Basin, south of the Brazilian continental margin. The areas considered included the northern and southern areas of the neritic and oceanic regions. Additionally, it aimed to identify indicator species of hydrological characteristics in both horizontal and vertical gradients. Two campaigns were carried out to collect zooplankton samples through oblique tows at selected stations from where pelagic tunicates were analyzed: the first in the winter period and the second in the summer. Among the 28 species identified, 17 were appendicularians, 3 doliolids, 6 salps, and 2 pyrosomes. The abundance and community of tunicates were significantly different between oceanic areas and neritic regions, the north and south, and the depths of the oceanic stations. Seven indicator species were recorded for different conditions, depending on the platform-ocean gradient, depth, and northern and southern areas. The tunicate assemblage was influenced by temperature and the orthophosphate and chlorophyll-a concentrations on the neritic regions, mainly at the sampling stations in front of the bays and estuaries. These results provide unprecedented information about these organisms, contributing to the knowledge of biodiversity on a large scale in the Southwestern Atlantic. Furthermore, the present study shows the influence of environmental parameters on the tunicate assemblage, reporting a swarm of Thalia democratica in a coastal environment, commonly recorded in shallow estuarine habitats along the Brazilian coast, and the first record of Kowalevskia oceanica for the Brazilian coast.