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<p><?tk 4?>The rise in tropospheric ozone levels over South Asia is due to changes in emission transport, source areas, and sectors. The peak of model tropospheric ozone is consistent with precursor emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NO<sub>x</sub>) emissions. Vegetation fires, linked with climate variability, have an unexpectedly strong influence on global tropospheric chemistry. Hence, we analysed the spatio-temporal variations of tropospheric ozone (0–6&#xa0;km from surface) over South Asia during 2008–2022 using Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite retrieved tropospheric ozone data. We used Theil-Sen’s slope estimator, linear regression, Pettitt’s test, Moran’s Index, and Getis-Ord Gi* to assess spatio-temporal variability, trend, and hotspots. Highest levels of tropospheric ozone was observed over Bangladesh (15.54 DU) while Bhutan showed the steady lowest tropospheric column ozone (TCO) content (5.79 DU) which is approximately one-third of Bangladesh level. Spatio-temporal trend analysis revealed an overall declining trend (− 0.08 DU yr − 1) over South Asia, with significant hotspots and coldspots identified over the Himalayan stretch of India, Indo Gangetic plain (IGP), Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan and in some parts of Pakistan. Tropospheric ozone peaked during the lockdown period 2020–2022 despite a decrease in precursor’s concentration.</p>

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Detection and Evaluation of Spaceborne-Retrieved Tropospheric Ozone Emission Over South Asia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Nitish Kumar Sarma,
  • Ujjal Deka Baruah

摘要

The rise in tropospheric ozone levels over South Asia is due to changes in emission transport, source areas, and sectors. The peak of model tropospheric ozone is consistent with precursor emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. Vegetation fires, linked with climate variability, have an unexpectedly strong influence on global tropospheric chemistry. Hence, we analysed the spatio-temporal variations of tropospheric ozone (0–6 km from surface) over South Asia during 2008–2022 using Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite retrieved tropospheric ozone data. We used Theil-Sen’s slope estimator, linear regression, Pettitt’s test, Moran’s Index, and Getis-Ord Gi* to assess spatio-temporal variability, trend, and hotspots. Highest levels of tropospheric ozone was observed over Bangladesh (15.54 DU) while Bhutan showed the steady lowest tropospheric column ozone (TCO) content (5.79 DU) which is approximately one-third of Bangladesh level. Spatio-temporal trend analysis revealed an overall declining trend (− 0.08 DU yr − 1) over South Asia, with significant hotspots and coldspots identified over the Himalayan stretch of India, Indo Gangetic plain (IGP), Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan and in some parts of Pakistan. Tropospheric ozone peaked during the lockdown period 2020–2022 despite a decrease in precursor’s concentration.