<p>Urban expansion across India’s Tier-1 cities has altered land systems and reduced the capacity of ecosystems to supply essential services. This study examines land use and land cover (LULC) changes in seven Tier-1 cities from 1995 to 2022 and evaluates the associated variations in the Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) of 17 services. The analysis shows a marked increase in built-up area and a decline in cropland and vegetation across most cities. These shifts resulted in substantial losses in provisioning and habitat-related services. City-wise net ESV losses ranged from 2.60 to 59.61&#xa0;M$ over the study period, with the highest reductions occurring where cropland and vegetation were most extensively converted to built-up land. Recreational services showed a marginal increase. The Ecological Contribution Ratio (ECR) further confirms that transitions from cropland to built-up land were the dominant contributors to ESV decline. The findings highlight the need to incorporate ecosystem valuation into urban planning to minimize ecological losses during future development.</p>

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Computation of Ecosystem Service Values with Spatio-Temporal Variations in LULC for Tier-1 Cities in India

  • Dasari Swetha,
  • N. Sudardeva,
  • Manali Pal,
  • K. Venkata Reddy

摘要

Urban expansion across India’s Tier-1 cities has altered land systems and reduced the capacity of ecosystems to supply essential services. This study examines land use and land cover (LULC) changes in seven Tier-1 cities from 1995 to 2022 and evaluates the associated variations in the Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) of 17 services. The analysis shows a marked increase in built-up area and a decline in cropland and vegetation across most cities. These shifts resulted in substantial losses in provisioning and habitat-related services. City-wise net ESV losses ranged from 2.60 to 59.61 M$ over the study period, with the highest reductions occurring where cropland and vegetation were most extensively converted to built-up land. Recreational services showed a marginal increase. The Ecological Contribution Ratio (ECR) further confirms that transitions from cropland to built-up land were the dominant contributors to ESV decline. The findings highlight the need to incorporate ecosystem valuation into urban planning to minimize ecological losses during future development.