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<p>Sindh Province of Pakistan has faced increasingly severe flooding over recent decades with the 2010 and 2022 events standing out as particularly catastrophic. This study utilizes Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze and compare the extent and impacts of these floods using MODIS NDVI for crop mapping and GIS overlay techniques to identify high-risk zones, the findings show a significant escalation in flood reach and intensity, affecting both traditionally vulnerable northern areas and newly impacted southern regions. In 2022, flooding inundated 51,408.6 km<sup>2</sup> 36.6% of Sindh's total area, a sharp increase from the 27,703.8 km<sup>2</sup> 19.7% affected in 2010. Agricultural damage was severe, with 6,621.3 km<sup>2</sup> 55.5% of farmland submerged in 2022 compared to 1,955 km<sup>2</sup> 16.5%. In 2010, a 39% rise in affected agricultural land. High-risk districts like Kashmore, Larkana, and Qambar Shahdadkot bore the brunt of the devastation, while areas such as Badin and Thatta, previously less affected, experienced significant impacts in 2022. The results emphasize the urgent need for adaptive flood management strategies, including land-use planning, early warning systems, and targeted mitigation efforts. By integrating RS and GIS methodologies, this study provides a comprehensive outline for evaluating flood risks and guiding interventions to protect livelihoods, ensure food security, and build resilience in Sindh’s flood-prone regions.</p>

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Mapping Flood-Prone Areas and Crop Damage Assessment Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Comparative Analysis of the 2010 and 2022 Floods in Sindh, Pakistan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Hiba Arif,
  • Mariam Khan,
  • Imran Ahmed Khan,
  • Altaf Hussain Lahori,
  • Anila Kausar

摘要

Sindh Province of Pakistan has faced increasingly severe flooding over recent decades with the 2010 and 2022 events standing out as particularly catastrophic. This study utilizes Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze and compare the extent and impacts of these floods using MODIS NDVI for crop mapping and GIS overlay techniques to identify high-risk zones, the findings show a significant escalation in flood reach and intensity, affecting both traditionally vulnerable northern areas and newly impacted southern regions. In 2022, flooding inundated 51,408.6 km2 36.6% of Sindh's total area, a sharp increase from the 27,703.8 km2 19.7% affected in 2010. Agricultural damage was severe, with 6,621.3 km2 55.5% of farmland submerged in 2022 compared to 1,955 km2 16.5%. In 2010, a 39% rise in affected agricultural land. High-risk districts like Kashmore, Larkana, and Qambar Shahdadkot bore the brunt of the devastation, while areas such as Badin and Thatta, previously less affected, experienced significant impacts in 2022. The results emphasize the urgent need for adaptive flood management strategies, including land-use planning, early warning systems, and targeted mitigation efforts. By integrating RS and GIS methodologies, this study provides a comprehensive outline for evaluating flood risks and guiding interventions to protect livelihoods, ensure food security, and build resilience in Sindh’s flood-prone regions.