Integrating Social and Physical Vulnerabilities to Assess Landslide Risk in the Aizawl Municipal Area, Mizoram, India
摘要
Landslide risk assessment is a key component of disaster risk reduction for habitations in growing hilly towns located in the Himalaya. This study presents the assessment of landslide risk in the Aizawl municipal area, the capital city of Mizoram state in India, by integrating social and physical vulnerabilities with the landslide susceptibility map. Social vulnerability was assessed using a framework considering the sensitivity and lack of resilience of the resident populations using Census 2011 data. A matrix-based approach was used to evaluate the physical vulnerability of the buildings and roads based on their construction materials and exposure to landslide hazards. Both the social and physical vulnerabilities were summed to generate the combined vulnerability. Finally, the landslide risk map was generated for the built structures of the study area. Results revealed that the female population emerged as the most significant contributor to the social vulnerability. Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) building and metalled road were more resilient while Assam-Type (AT) building and unmetalled road were more vulnerable in terms of the physical vulnerability. The result also showed that the peripheral areas have higher combined vulnerability than the central parts of the municipal area. The risk assessment confirmed that landslide risk is not entirely determined by hazard intensity, but is significantly influenced by the vulnerability of exposed elements. The study provided an important baseline evaluation for landslide risk assessment in data-scarce areas, and also served as valuable information for policy-makers and urban planners to formulate risk reduction measures in Aizawl and similar contexts worldwide.