<p>How past human societies delineated space is a common focus for landscape archaeologists. Commonly, the study of archaeological landscapes includes the historical and compositional examination of monumental constructions. We conducted multi-scalar geoarchaeological investigations to reexamine the Peter Village enclosure near Lexington, KY, USA to better understand how and when the enclosure was built. The enclosure is considered among the earliest Woodland Period (ca. 1000 BCE-1000 CE) ditch-and-embankment earthen enclosures built in the North American Midcontinent by ancestral American Indian societies. Our research on the site helps to better contextualize how and when it was built. Our investigations included aerial and terrestrial remote sensing surveys, soil coring, and bulk analyses on soil cores. The results of our work supports previous claims that the enclosure was not built with one embankment but likely had two. AMS ¹⁴C radiocarbon dating of charred material from soil cores and legacy collections from the 1980s suggest the enclosure was built as early as the 5th century BCE. Together, our geoarchaeological analyses of this early earthen monument in the region provides new understandings of its construction methods and history and insights into how and when early horticultural societies began delineating special places across the North American Midcontinent prior to the emergence of elaborate Middle Woodland geometric earthworks.</p>