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<p>The Lijiaya Culture represents a significant branch of the Bronze Age culture in northern China during the Late Shang period, and its area of distribution intersects the agro-pastoral ecotone between the Central Plains and the Eurasian Steppe. The Late Longshan period (4100 − 3900 B.C.) to the Late Shang period (1400 − 1100 B.C.) coincided with a global climatic shift towards cooler and drier conditions, marking the development phase of prehistoric pastoralism in northern Shaanxi. Due to the lack of materials and relevant research, academic understanding of the survival strategies of the early inhabitants in northern Shaanxi remains fragmented and contradictory. This study takes ceramic sherds unearthed from the Qingjian Xinzhuang site, a representative site of the Lijiaya Culture, as research objects, conducting lipid analyses using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) techniques. The results confirm the processing and utilization of millet crops, as well as the presence of ruminant dairy and adipose fats, with indications that the ruminants consumed C<sub>4</sub> plants. These findings point to a mixed farming-pastoral economic model existing at that time and place. The study of lipid residues in ceramics provides new evidence for understanding the patterns of resource utilization and agricultural-pastoral practices in the region during that period.</p>

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A study on the subsistence strategy of the Qingjian Xinzhuang site in Northern Shaanxi region during the late Shang period: a perspective from lipid residues in pottery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • Lirun Yan,
  • Kunlong Chen,
  • Qinglin Ma,
  • Zhanwei Sun,
  • Hanyu Chu,
  • Ying Ma

摘要

The Lijiaya Culture represents a significant branch of the Bronze Age culture in northern China during the Late Shang period, and its area of distribution intersects the agro-pastoral ecotone between the Central Plains and the Eurasian Steppe. The Late Longshan period (4100 − 3900 B.C.) to the Late Shang period (1400 − 1100 B.C.) coincided with a global climatic shift towards cooler and drier conditions, marking the development phase of prehistoric pastoralism in northern Shaanxi. Due to the lack of materials and relevant research, academic understanding of the survival strategies of the early inhabitants in northern Shaanxi remains fragmented and contradictory. This study takes ceramic sherds unearthed from the Qingjian Xinzhuang site, a representative site of the Lijiaya Culture, as research objects, conducting lipid analyses using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) techniques. The results confirm the processing and utilization of millet crops, as well as the presence of ruminant dairy and adipose fats, with indications that the ruminants consumed C4 plants. These findings point to a mixed farming-pastoral economic model existing at that time and place. The study of lipid residues in ceramics provides new evidence for understanding the patterns of resource utilization and agricultural-pastoral practices in the region during that period.