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<p>In 2023, a joint team of researchers from the Chongqing Research Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Sichuan University’s School of Archaeology and Museology uncovered six well-preserved blast furnace bases and large quantities of slag an iron smelting site Xiaonongchang in Wulong District, Chongqing. The results of the scientific analysis, including X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), metallography, Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), on the smelting-related materials includes ores and slags indicate that this is a pig-iron production site focusing possibly only on pig-iron ingots. Xiaonongchang site is dated to the early to late Ming Dynasty according to the radiocarbon dating results and the local typology of pottery. This site is the earliest known pig-iron smelting site in Chongqing, and it is the largest and best-preserved example from the Ming Dynasty in Southwestern China, or even the whole nation. Considering the multiple iron-smelting sites dating to the middle and late Ming Dynasty recently discovered in the southern part of Chongqing, this paper tries to investigate from the perspective of economic history, while including the political, economic, and technological background factors that contributed to the concentration of iron-smelting production in Southern Chongqing during the Ming Dynasty.</p>

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New evidence of private cast iron production during the Ming Dynasty at Xiaonongchang, Chongqing, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Sun Tianqiang,
  • Wang Hongling,
  • Huang Wan,
  • Li Dadi,
  • Yan Chang,
  • Xu Yuming,
  • Li Yuniu

摘要

In 2023, a joint team of researchers from the Chongqing Research Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Sichuan University’s School of Archaeology and Museology uncovered six well-preserved blast furnace bases and large quantities of slag an iron smelting site Xiaonongchang in Wulong District, Chongqing. The results of the scientific analysis, including X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), metallography, Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), on the smelting-related materials includes ores and slags indicate that this is a pig-iron production site focusing possibly only on pig-iron ingots. Xiaonongchang site is dated to the early to late Ming Dynasty according to the radiocarbon dating results and the local typology of pottery. This site is the earliest known pig-iron smelting site in Chongqing, and it is the largest and best-preserved example from the Ming Dynasty in Southwestern China, or even the whole nation. Considering the multiple iron-smelting sites dating to the middle and late Ming Dynasty recently discovered in the southern part of Chongqing, this paper tries to investigate from the perspective of economic history, while including the political, economic, and technological background factors that contributed to the concentration of iron-smelting production in Southern Chongqing during the Ming Dynasty.