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<p>Rapidly growing cities like Addis Ababa are facing dynamic changes in the land-use land cover (LULC), resulting in a significant increase in the land surface temperature (LST), exacerbating the vulnerability to calamities of climate change. The objective of this paper was to investigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect driven by land-use/land-cover dynamics in Addis Ababa sub-cities, Ethiopia. In this study, LULC, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) were extracted from Landsat 5TM (1985) and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (2020) using Geospatial technologies and JMP statistical software. The land surface temperature anomaly was calculated using mono-window algorithm. Brightness temperature, Land Surface Emissivity (LSE), and NDVI were computed to estimate land surface temperature (LST). An object-oriented supervised classification with the maximum likelihood method was applied to detect the LULC change between 1985 and 2020. The results revealed that the built-up area increased from 195 km<sup>2</sup> (37.5%) in 1985 to 326.3km<sup>2</sup> (62.8%) in 2020. While forest, cultivated land, and bare land were reduced from 61.1 km<sup>2</sup> (11.7%), 115.6 km<sup>2</sup> (22.3%), 147.4 km<sup>2</sup> (28.4%) in 1985 to 32.2 km<sup>2</sup> (6.4%), 38.6 km<sup>2</sup> (7.4%), 118.3km<sup>2</sup> (22.8%) in 2020 respectively. These land cover dynamics contributed to the increasing trend of mean LST in the study area from 27.2&#xa0;°C in 1985 to 29&#xa0;°C in 2020, indicating an increase of 1.8&#xa0;°C over the study period. The findings from the correlations of LST with NDVI, NDBI, and digital elevation model (DEM) signposted that there was a negative correlation between vegetation coverage, elevation, and mean LST, while a linear positive correlation was found with the built-up index. All 11 sub-cities have seen an increase in land surface temperature, although Kirkos, Arada, Addis Ketema, and Lideta experienced the most, ranging from 2.79&#xa0;°C to 4.72&#xa0;°C. The maximum mean LST increment for both periods (1985 and 2020) was detected around built-up areas (rose by 2.68&#xa0;°C) and bare land (ramped up by 2.64&#xa0;°C), whereas the minimum temperature was recorded around cultivated land, water bodies, and forests. Thus, an amplified surface urban heat island in Addis Ababa city was observed, and this eventually could disturb the urban microclimate and trigger multifarious environmental and human health impacts.</p>

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Spatio-temporal urban land use dynamics implication on land surface temperature using remote sensing data: The case of Addis Ababa Sub-Cities, Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Esubalew Nebebe Mekonnen,
  • Ephrem Gebremariam,
  • Aramde Fetene,
  • Liku Workalemahu

摘要

Rapidly growing cities like Addis Ababa are facing dynamic changes in the land-use land cover (LULC), resulting in a significant increase in the land surface temperature (LST), exacerbating the vulnerability to calamities of climate change. The objective of this paper was to investigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect driven by land-use/land-cover dynamics in Addis Ababa sub-cities, Ethiopia. In this study, LULC, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) were extracted from Landsat 5TM (1985) and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (2020) using Geospatial technologies and JMP statistical software. The land surface temperature anomaly was calculated using mono-window algorithm. Brightness temperature, Land Surface Emissivity (LSE), and NDVI were computed to estimate land surface temperature (LST). An object-oriented supervised classification with the maximum likelihood method was applied to detect the LULC change between 1985 and 2020. The results revealed that the built-up area increased from 195 km2 (37.5%) in 1985 to 326.3km2 (62.8%) in 2020. While forest, cultivated land, and bare land were reduced from 61.1 km2 (11.7%), 115.6 km2 (22.3%), 147.4 km2 (28.4%) in 1985 to 32.2 km2 (6.4%), 38.6 km2 (7.4%), 118.3km2 (22.8%) in 2020 respectively. These land cover dynamics contributed to the increasing trend of mean LST in the study area from 27.2 °C in 1985 to 29 °C in 2020, indicating an increase of 1.8 °C over the study period. The findings from the correlations of LST with NDVI, NDBI, and digital elevation model (DEM) signposted that there was a negative correlation between vegetation coverage, elevation, and mean LST, while a linear positive correlation was found with the built-up index. All 11 sub-cities have seen an increase in land surface temperature, although Kirkos, Arada, Addis Ketema, and Lideta experienced the most, ranging from 2.79 °C to 4.72 °C. The maximum mean LST increment for both periods (1985 and 2020) was detected around built-up areas (rose by 2.68 °C) and bare land (ramped up by 2.64 °C), whereas the minimum temperature was recorded around cultivated land, water bodies, and forests. Thus, an amplified surface urban heat island in Addis Ababa city was observed, and this eventually could disturb the urban microclimate and trigger multifarious environmental and human health impacts.