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<p>Mediterranean semi-arid watersheds face severe soil erosion due to heavy rainfall and land use. This research seeks to analyze spatial erosion and sediment movement in the Wadi Cheliff basin in Algeria, with elevations ranging from 2&#xa0;m to 1,953&#xa0;m and an average annual rainfall of 600&#xa0;mm. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and remote sensing (RS) were used to calculate rainfall erosivity (R) using Singh’s empirical formula, soil erodibility (K) from the Harmonized World Soil Database, topographic (LS) factors from ASTER GDEM data, vegetation cover (C) from Landsat 8 Images, and conservation practices (P) based on slope gradients. Sediment delivery ratios (SDR) were derived by comparing modeled soil loss with sediment yields (SY) measured at nine dams and eleven gauge stations. The modeled soil loss varies from 0 to 165 t/ha/yr, with an average of 18.3 t/ha/yr when weighted by area. The pattern is highly skewed, with 80.2% of the basin experiencing very low erosion (&lt; 2 t/ha/yr). In comparison, approximately 9% surpasses 5 t/ha/yr, mainly on steep northern slopes with sparse or seasonal vegetation. Seasonal analysis of the C‑factor highlights that late summer and autumn are the most vulnerable periods, as over 70% of the basin has low protective cover. A comparison between predicted and observed sediment yields at dams and gauges shows strong agreement, with Kling–Gupta efficiency values above 0.75, confirming reliability. Maps that identify erosion hotspots in both spatial and temporal contexts can help prioritize soil and water conservation efforts in Mediterranean semi-arid watersheds, such as Wadi Cheliff.</p>

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Integrated RUSLE–GIS–RS analysis of soil erosion and sediment yield in the Wadi cheliff Basin, Algeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Samir Toumi,
  • Mohamed Meddi

摘要

Mediterranean semi-arid watersheds face severe soil erosion due to heavy rainfall and land use. This research seeks to analyze spatial erosion and sediment movement in the Wadi Cheliff basin in Algeria, with elevations ranging from 2 m to 1,953 m and an average annual rainfall of 600 mm. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and remote sensing (RS) were used to calculate rainfall erosivity (R) using Singh’s empirical formula, soil erodibility (K) from the Harmonized World Soil Database, topographic (LS) factors from ASTER GDEM data, vegetation cover (C) from Landsat 8 Images, and conservation practices (P) based on slope gradients. Sediment delivery ratios (SDR) were derived by comparing modeled soil loss with sediment yields (SY) measured at nine dams and eleven gauge stations. The modeled soil loss varies from 0 to 165 t/ha/yr, with an average of 18.3 t/ha/yr when weighted by area. The pattern is highly skewed, with 80.2% of the basin experiencing very low erosion (< 2 t/ha/yr). In comparison, approximately 9% surpasses 5 t/ha/yr, mainly on steep northern slopes with sparse or seasonal vegetation. Seasonal analysis of the C‑factor highlights that late summer and autumn are the most vulnerable periods, as over 70% of the basin has low protective cover. A comparison between predicted and observed sediment yields at dams and gauges shows strong agreement, with Kling–Gupta efficiency values above 0.75, confirming reliability. Maps that identify erosion hotspots in both spatial and temporal contexts can help prioritize soil and water conservation efforts in Mediterranean semi-arid watersheds, such as Wadi Cheliff.