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<p>This paper presents a system for sidewalk pothole measurement that applies structure-from-motion (SfM) to citizen-reported images and using raw time-difference, carrier-phase GNSS observations from smartphones to resolve the scale ambiguity in SfM reconstructions. The methodology transforms arbitrary SfM camera locations into actual locations using a closed-form absolute orientation technique. A weighting system is proposed to improve scale estimation by comparing SfM and smartphone data vector alignments. After that, pothole quantities, including perimeter and maximum depth, are extracted. RTK is used to collect reference data to validate camera locations. Estimated pothole quantities deviate from the reference by 35&#xa0;cm for perimeter and 1&#xa0;cm for maximum depth, demonstrating the method’s effectiveness. This approach enhances the accuracy of citizen-reported pothole information, supporting local authorities in infrastructure management and public safety improvements.</p>

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Sidewalk pothole report improvement through citizen’s smartphone

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Chavisa Sornsakul,
  • Derek D. Lichti,
  • Kyle O’Keefe,
  • Shabnam Jabari,
  • Carlos Tello-Gil

摘要

This paper presents a system for sidewalk pothole measurement that applies structure-from-motion (SfM) to citizen-reported images and using raw time-difference, carrier-phase GNSS observations from smartphones to resolve the scale ambiguity in SfM reconstructions. The methodology transforms arbitrary SfM camera locations into actual locations using a closed-form absolute orientation technique. A weighting system is proposed to improve scale estimation by comparing SfM and smartphone data vector alignments. After that, pothole quantities, including perimeter and maximum depth, are extracted. RTK is used to collect reference data to validate camera locations. Estimated pothole quantities deviate from the reference by 35 cm for perimeter and 1 cm for maximum depth, demonstrating the method’s effectiveness. This approach enhances the accuracy of citizen-reported pothole information, supporting local authorities in infrastructure management and public safety improvements.